Integration of neuropsychological services into multidisciplinary clinics for pediatric patients requiring neurocritical care has previously been shown to improve access to care and promote connection to vital services for children recovering from traumatic brain injuries or other serious insults or infections impacting the brain. As such, the objective of this study is two-fold. First, to explore the unique model of care provided by a neuropsychological inpatient service at the Medical College of Wisconsin/Children’s Wisconsin. Secondly, to describe the benefit of neuropsychology in the Brain Recovery Assessment and Interdisciplinary Needs Clinic (BRAIN) a neurocritical care outpatient follow-up multidisciplinary clinic.

Participants include N =298 pediatric inpatients from a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma center referred to the neuropsychological inpatient consultation service from February 2020 to July 2022. Qualitative methods were used to describe the flow and number of patients initially referred to the neuropsychological inpatient service and then those who followed up in outpatient neuropsychological care prior to and after the implementation of a multi-disciplinary clinic for children admitted to the Neurocritical Care Unit. Rates of follow-up with neuropsychological care were compared pre- and post-establishment of the multidisciplinary clinic. Additional analyses were conducted to explore factors known to impact follow-up with care post-hospitalization (e.g., socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity).

Prior to the establishment of the BRAIN clinic, approximately 60 to 70% of patients were referred for outpatient neuropsychological follow-up. Approximately 30% of patients referred to the inpatient neuropsychological service following the establishment of the BRAIN clinic were referred for multidisciplinary care, while 20% did not require additional intervention and 50% were referred for outpatient neuropsychological follow-up. Analyses indicated increased follow-up rates with neuropsychological care following the establishment of the BRAIN clinic.

Integration of neuropsychology into inpatient care and subsequent multidisciplinary settings for pediatric patients with traumatic brain injuries or other serious insults and CNS infections increased access to neuropsychological care. Additional clinical implications will be discussed.