Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pftt2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T23:15:48.555Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mechanisms Of Resistance to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Two Species of Marine Diatoms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2009

Melissa K. Cohen ,
Anne S. West ,
Elizabeth M. Cosper  and
Charles F. Wurster
Melissa K. Cohen
Affiliation:
Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794–5000, USA
Anne S. West
Affiliation:
Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794–5000, USA
Elizabeth M. Cosper
Affiliation:
Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794–5000, USA
Charles F. Wurster
Affiliation:
Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794–5000, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Clones of Ditylum brightwellii and Thalassiosira nordenskioldii were isolated from New York coastal waters, and PCB-resistance in D. brightwellii was induced in the laboratory by exposure to increasing concentrations of PCB. Resistance could not be similarly induced in T. nordenskioldii, but was serendipitously discovered in unexposed cultures that had undergone sexual reproduction.

Cells of the resistant strain were substantially larger than those of the sensitive strain in both species. Larger vacuole space seemed to account for this in D. brightwellii, but in T. nordenskioldii larger cells contained more carbon. Experiments with14C-PCB tracer indicated that PCB accumulation was less in resistant strains of both species. Neutral lipid content per cell, as determined using the fluorophore Nile Red, was similar for resistant and sensitive strains of both species. Sub-cellular examination of lipid droplets in D. brightwellii suggested that the PCB-resistant strain may be sequestering this lipophilic toxicant in a location removed from physiological activity. In T. nordenskioldii a decreased ratio of neutral lipidxarbon may reduce intracellular accumulation of PCB. These diatom species have developed PCB resistance in the highly PCB-polluted Hudson River estuary and, since they are the preferred food of dominant copepods, they may offer less PCB per unit ration to zooplankton grazers.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , May 1991 , pp. 247 - 263
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Bopp, R.F.Simpson, H.J.Olsen, C.R. & Kostyk, N. 1981. Polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of the tidal Hudson River, New York. Environmental Science and Technology, 15, 210–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bopp, R.F.Simpson, H.J.Olsen, C.R.Trier, R.M. & Kostyk, N. 1982. Chlorinated hydrocarbons and radionuclide chronologies in sediments of the Hudson River and Estuary, New York. Environmental Science and Technology, 16, 666–676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, A.W. 1980. Enhanced detection of bacteria in natural environments by fluorochrome staining of DNA. Limnology and Oceanography, 25, 948–951.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, A.W.Maguire, M.J. & Coleman, J.R. 1981. Mithramycin and 4',-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) - DNA staining for fluorescence microspectrophotometric measurement of DNA in nuclei, plastids, and virus particles. Journal ofHistochemistryand Cytochemistry, 2, 959–968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooksey, K.E.Guckert, J.B.Williams, S.A. & Callis, P.R. 1987. Fluorometric determination of the neutral lipid content of microalgal cells using Nile Red. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 6, 333–345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosper, E.M.Wurster, C.F.Rowland, R.G. 1984. PCB resistance within phytoplankton populations in polluted and unpolluted marine environments. Marine Environmental Research, 12, 209–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosper, E.M.Snyder, B.J.Arnold, L.M.Zaikowski, La. & Wurster, C.F. 1987. Induced resistance to polychlorinated biphenyls confers cross-resistance and altered environmental fitness in a marine diatom. Marine Environmental Research, 23, 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosper, E.M.Wurster, C.F. & Bautista, M.R. 1988. PCB-resistant diatoms in the Hudson River Estuary. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 26, 215–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, R.M. 1973. The protoplasmic ultrastructure of the vegetative cell ofMelosira varians C. A. Agardh. Journal of Phycology, 9, 50–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dam, H.G. 1986. Short-term feeding of Temora longicornis Müller in the laboratory and the field. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 99, 149–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drebes, G. 1977. Sexuality. In The Biology of Diatoms (ed. Werner, D.) pp. 250–283. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Duncan, B.T. 1983. The Development in the Laboratory of Resistance to PCB by Two Marine Phytoplankters. M.S. thesis, State University of New York, Stony Brook.Google Scholar
Gallagher, J.C. 1983. Cell enlargement in Skeletonema costatum (Bacillariophyceae).Journal of Phycology, 19, 539–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geitler, L. 1935. Reproduction and life history in diatoms. Botanical Review, 1, 149–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenspan, P.Mayer, E.P. & Fowler, S.P. 1985. Nile red: a selective fluorescent stain for intracellular lipid droplets. Journal of Cell Biology, 100, 956–973.Google ScholarPubMed
Guillard, R.R.L. & Ryther, J.H. 1962. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 8, 229–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harding, L.W. Jr & Phillips, J.H.Jr 1978. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) effects on marine phytoplankton photosynthesis and cell division. Marine Biology, 49, 93–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, R.W. 1966. Short-term temperature and light conditions associated with auxospore formation in the marine centric diatom Coscinodiscus concinnus W. Smith. Nature, London, 209, 217–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, S. 1972. The PCB story. Ambio, 1, 123–131.Google Scholar
Lewis, W.M. 1984. The diatom sex clock and its evolutionary significance. American Naturalist, 123, 73–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLachlan, J.Mclnnes, A.G. & Falk, M. 1965. Studies on the chitan (chitin: poly-nacetylglucosamine) fibers of the diatom Thalassiosira fluviatilis Hustedt I. Production and isolation of chitan fibers. Canadian Journal of Botany, 43, 707–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. 1982. The persistent PCB problem. Environmental Science and Technology, 16, 98–99A.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, S. 1983. The PCB imbroglio. Environmental Science and Technology, 17, 11–14A.Google Scholar
Moore, S. A. Jr & Harriss, R.C. 1972. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyl on marine phytoplankton communities.Nature, London, 240, 356–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mosser, J.L.Fisher, N.S.Teng, T.-C. & Wurster, C.F. 1972a. Polychlorinated biphenyls: Toxicity to certain phytoplankters. Science, New York, 175, 191–192.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mosser, J.L.Fisher, N.S. & Wurster, C.F. 1972b. Polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT alter species composition in mixed cultures of algae. Science, New York, 176, 533–535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Munk, W.H. & Riley, G.A. 1952. Absorption of nutrients by aquatic plants. Journal of Marine Re-search, 11, 215–240.Google Scholar
Nau-Ritter, G.M.Wurster, C.F. & Rowland, R.G. 1982. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) desorbed from clay particles inhibit photosynthesis by natural phytoplankton communities. Environmental Pollution, 28, 177–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'connor, J.M.Klotz, J.B. & Kneip, T.J. 1979. Sources, sinks, and distribution of organic contaminants in the New York Bight ecosystem. In Ecological Stress and the New York Bight: Science and Management (ed. Mayer, G.F.) pp. 631–653. Columbia, South Carolina: Estuarine Research Federation.Google Scholar
O'connors, H.B. Jr Wurster, C.F.Powers, C.B.Biggs, D.C. & Rowland, R.G. 1978. Polychlorinated biphenyls may alter marine trophic pathways by reducing phytoplankton size and production. Science, New York, 201, 737–739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shifrin, N.S. & Chisholm, S.W. 1981. Phytoplankton lipids: interspecific differences and effects of nitrate, silicate and light-dark cycles. Journal of Phycology, 17, 374–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sibly, R.M. & Calow, P. 1989. A life-cycle theory of responses to stress. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 37, 101–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sicko-Goad, L.Hall, J.Lazinsky, D. & Simmons, M.S. 1989a. Effects of chlorinated benzenes on diatom fatty acid composition and quantitative morphology. III. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 18, 647–655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sicko-Goad, L.Evans, M.S.Lazinsky, D.Hall, J. & Simmons, M.S. 1989b. Effects of chlorinated benzenes on diatom fatty acid composition and quantitative morphology IV. Pentachlorobenzene and comparison with trichlorobenzene isomers. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 18, 656–668.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snyder, B.J. 1985. The Development of Resistance and Cross-resistance to Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by a Marine Diatom. M.S. thesis, State University of New York, Stony Brook.Google Scholar
Sokal, R.R. & Rohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry,2nd ed. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.Google Scholar
Strickland, J.D.H. & Parsons, T.R. 1972. A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Bulletin. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, no. 167, pp. 185–203.Google Scholar
Turner, J.T. 1984. The feeding ecology of some zooplankters that are important prey items of larval fish. NOAA Technical Report Nmfs, no. 7, 28pp.Google Scholar