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Sex and site-specific trends in veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) tributyltin bioaccumulation: considerations for biomonitoring

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2016

Juliana M. Harding ,
Michael A. Unger ,
E. Alex Jestel  and
Roger Mann
Juliana M. Harding*
Affiliation:
Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA Department of Marine Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina 29528-6054, USA
Michael A. Unger
Affiliation:
Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA
E. Alex Jestel
Affiliation:
Department of Aquatic Health Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA U. S. Army, Edgewood, MD 21010, USA
Roger Mann
Affiliation:
Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: J. M. Harding, Department of Marine Science, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina 29528-6054, USA email: jharding@coastal.edu
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Abstract

The imposition of male sexual characteristics onto the female (imposex) is present in wild populations of the non-native veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) in Chesapeake Bay, USA but does not appear to compromise reproductive function. Cultured whelks were used to test two hypotheses: (1) Observed imposex metrics will be similar to tributyltin (TBT) water concentrations at each of three sites; (2) Male and imposex/female whelks from the same site will have similar TBT body burdens. Cultured 2-year-old whelks were transplanted to three field sites in the York River, USA at the onset of their second reproductive season. Transplant site mean TBT water concentrations ranged from 1.4 ± 0.77 to 64.2 ± 57.8 ng l−1. Imposex incidence was 100% after 28 weeks with an observed M:F:IF ratio of 81:0:92 across all sites. Imposex stages (median vas deferens scale index = 4) and reproductive output were similar across sites. The imposex severity (IS = penis length/shell length) increased with increasing TBT concentrations. The relative penis length (RPLI) and relative penis size (RPSI) indices were positively related to site-specific TBT levels. Male whelks accumulated significantly higher TBT concentrations than female whelks at the site with the highest TBT concentration. Mean TBT concentrations in whelk egg capsules were significantly higher than concentrations in male or female whelk tissue. Egg capsule deposition provides a depuration mechanism for female whelks to reduce body burden of lipophilic TBT. Sex, season and reproductive status should be considered when using gastropod bioaccumulation to monitor TBT effects.

Keywords

Rapana venosaveined rapa whelktributyltinimposexbiomonitoringbioaccumulationdepuration
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom , Volume 97 , Issue 7 , November 2017 , pp. 1495 - 1504
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2016 

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