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Art. XIII.— The Army of the Indian Moghuls: Its Organization and Administration
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 March 2011
Extract
In 1894 I began the preparatory studies for an account of the later Indian Moghul system of government and administration in all its branches, being impelled by the belief that some information of the kind was a necessary introduction to a History of that period, which I had previously planned and commenced. Before I had done more than sketch out my first part, which deals with the Sovereign, the Court Ceremonial, and the elaborate system of Entitlature, I noticed the issue of a book on a part of my subject by Dr. Paul Horn. The perusal of this excellent work diverted my attention to a later section of my proposed Introduction, the subject of the Army and Army Organization; and in this way I have been led to write this portion before any of the others. Except incidentally, my paper is neither a translation nor a review of Dr. Horn's essay; and though indebted to him, as acknowledged from time to time, my study covers, in the main, quite different ground, forming a complement to what he has done, and, as I think, carrying the subject a good deal farther in several directions. Dr. Horn seems to have read chiefly the authorities for the period before Aurangzeb ‘Ālamgīr; while my reading has been confined in great measure to the reigns of Aurangzeb's successors in the period 1707–1803.
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References
page 509 note 1 “Das Heer- und Kriegswesen der Gross-Moghuls,” by DrHorn, Paul, Privat-Dozent an der Universität Strassburg, 8vo, pp. 160. (E. J. Brill: Leiden, 1894.)Google Scholar
page 516 note 1 Steingass, 272, 
, A, following in the steps of another; but Pavet de Courteille, Dict. Turc. Oriental, 194, claims it as a Chaghatāe word, with the meanings of “a troop of 50 men, the body-guard, the pages.”
page 520 note 1 This may have been a development of Taimūr's practice of granting the pay of his amīrs from his frontier provinces.—Davy, and White, , “Institutes,” 237Google Scholar.
page 539 note 1 Blochmann, , Ā,īn, i, 261Google Scholar, has Paymaster and Adjutant-General.
page 540 note 1 Dastūr-ul-Inshā, 232, Dastūr-ul-'Aml, B.M. 6599, fol. 159a, and B.M. 1641, fols. 28, and 17b to 22a.
page 541 note 1 Dānishmand Khān, 18th Shawwāl 1119, Khāfī Khān, ii, 601, Yaḥyā, Khān, fol. 114a.
page 542 note 1 Kāmwar Khān, entry of 1st Jamādī I, 1119.
page 546 note 1 The word meant may be Bandahhāe, or, perhaps preferably, the Ḳūl, the Chaghatāe for ‘slave.’—P. de Courteille, 433.
page 549 note 1 Literally ‘face,’ ‘countenance.’ It must not be confounded with chīrah, which means (1) a kind of turban, (2) a pay-roll, on which the recipients signed, (3) the pay itself. Chīrah is used in the second sense in Aḥwāl-ul-Khawāḳīn, fol. 230b ; and also by Ghulām Ḥasan, 
amīn, when telling us of the taunt addressed in 1170 H. (1757) by Aḥmad Khān, Bangash, to Najīb Khān, Najīb-ud-daulah, of having been once a private trooper in Farrukhābād, where his pay-rolls (chīrah-hāe) were still in existence.
page 557 note 1 For remarks to the same general effect, see Erskine, W., “History,” ii, 540Google Scholar.
page 559 note 1 These include all the militia levies and zamindār's retainers throughout the provinces, besides the army proper.
page 561 note 1 Read sari-asp in B.M. 1641, fol. 37a, but to neither reading can I assign a meaning.
page 562 note 1 Apparently the diminutive of ḳabā, a close long gown or shirt (Steingass, 950).
page 562 note 2 Lieut.-Col. Fitzclarence was, I believe, created Earl of Munster in 1831, and if so, he is the Lord Munster referred to by Dr. Horn on p, 8 as the author of a series of questions on Mahomedan military usages. His “Journal,” the work of a close observer and graphic writer, proves that he was quite competent to write for himself, and not merely “schreiben zu lassen,” the history that he had planned.
page 564 note 1 Muḳaddamah-i-Shāh ‘Ālam-nāmah by Ghulām ‘Alī Khān, B.M. Add. 24,028, fol. 40a. The last line probably contains an allusion to Roshan Akhtar, the original name of Muḥammad Shāh, to whom ‘Abdullah Khān succumbed.