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Endogamia, movilidad y residencia posmarital en poblaciones incas del noroeste de Cusco
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 June 2023
Resumen
El estudio del parentesco permite comprender mejor las sociedades antiguas porque está relacionado con el comportamiento social, económico, político y reproductivo de la población. Es posible conocer la magnitud de la endogamia y hacer inferencias sobre la movilidad de ambos sexos. Una mayor similitud genética promedio dentro de muestras femeninas sugiere mayor migración masculina (modelo de residencia posmarital matrilocal). A la inversa se deduce un modelo de residencia patrilocal y si no hay diferencias se infiere un modelo bilocal. Nuestro objetivo es conocer la divergencia genética entre grupos incas del altiplano del noroeste de Cusco utilizando caracteres cuantitativos del cráneo para estimar el parentesco, el número de migrantes por generación y el patrón de residencia posmarital. Los restos óseos empleados (99 cráneos masculinos y 75 femeninos) proviene de los sitios Paucarcancha, Patallacta y Torontoy. Se aplicaron técnicas de análisis multivariado y modelos derivados de la genética de poblaciones. Existen diferencias morfológicas entre los sitios a pesar de la escasa distancia geográfica. La divergencia genética fue de 0,035 (siete individuos migrantes por generación). La varianza dentro de grupos es similar en ambos sexos (modelo posmarital bilocal). Se discute la evidencia obtenida con otras localidades y subregiones del Área Andina Centro Meridional.
Abstract
The study of kinship provides a better understanding of ancient societies because it is related to the social, economic, political, and reproductive behavior of the population. It is possible to know the extent of inbreeding and to make inferences about the mobility of both sexes. Higher average genetic similarity within female samples suggests higher male migration (matrilocal postmarital residence pattern). Conversely, a patrilocal residence pattern is deduced, and if there are no differences, a bilocal pattern is inferred. Our objective is to determine the genetic divergence between Inca groups from the altiplano of northwestern Cusco using quantitative skull characters to estimate kinship, the number of migrants per generation, and the postmarital residence pattern. The collection used (99 male and 75 female skulls) comes from the sites of Paucarcancha, Patallacta, and Torontoy. Multivariate analysis techniques and models derived from population genetics are applied to show that there are morphological differences between the sites despite the small geographic distance. Genetic divergence was 0.035 (seven migrants per generation). Within-group variance is similar in both sexes (bilocal postmarital model). We discuss the evidence obtained with other localities and subregions of the South-Central Andean Area.
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- Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology
References
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