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Fear and legitimacy in São Paulo, Brazil: Police–citizen relations in a high violence, high fear city

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Jonathan Jackson Open the ORCID record for Jonathan Jackson [Opens in a new window] ,
Krisztián Pósch Open the ORCID record for Krisztián Pósch [Opens in a new window] ,
Thiago R. Oliveira ,
Ben Bradford Open the ORCID record for Ben Bradford [Opens in a new window] ,
Sílvia M. Mendes Open the ORCID record for Sílvia M. Mendes [Opens in a new window] ,
Ariadne Lima Natal Open the ORCID record for Ariadne Lima Natal [Opens in a new window]  and
André Zanetic
Jonathan Jackson*
Affiliation:
Department of Methodology, London School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
Krisztián Pósch
Affiliation:
Department of Methodology, London School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London, UK
Thiago R. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London, UK Department of Sociology and Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Ben Bradford
Affiliation:
Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
Sílvia M. Mendes
Affiliation:
School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
Ariadne Lima Natal
Affiliation:
Department of Intrastate Conflict, Peace Research Institute Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
André Zanetic
Affiliation:
Post-Graduate Department in Sociology, Universidade Federal da Grandes Dourados, Dourados, Brazil
*
Jonathan Jackson, Department of Methodology, London School of Economics & Political Science, London, UK., Email: j.p.jackson@lse.ac.uk
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Abstract

We examine consensual and coercive police–citizen relations in São Paulo, Brazil. According to procedural justice theory, popular legitimacy operates as part of a virtuous circle, whereby normatively appropriate police behavior encourages people to self-regulate, which then reduces the need for coercive forms of social control. But can consensual and coercive police–citizen relations be so easily disentangled in a city in which many people fear crime, where the ability to use force can often be palpable in even mundane police–citizen interactions, where some people fear police but also tolerate extreme police violence, and where the image of the military police as “just another (violent) gang” has significant cultural currency? Legitimacy has two components—assent (ascribed right to power) and consent (conferred right to govern)—and consistent with prior work from the US, UK, and Australia, we find that procedural justice is key to the legitimation of the police. Yet, the empirical link between legitimacy and legal compliance is complicated by ambivalent authority relations, rooted in part in heightened cultural expectations about police use of force to exercise power. We finish the paper with a discussion of the theoretical and policy implications of these findings.

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ARTICLES
Information
Law & Society Review , Volume 56 , Issue 1 , March 2022 , pp. 122 - 145
Copyright
© 2022 Law and Society Association.

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Footnotes

How to cite this article: Jackson, Jonathan, Krisztián Pósch, Thiago R. Oliveira, Ben Bradford, Sílvia M. Mendes, Ariadne Lima Natal, and André Zanetic. 2022. “Fear and legitimacy in São Paulo, Brazil: Police–citizen relations in a high violence, high fear city.” Law & Society Review 56(1): 122–145. https://doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12589

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