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Karyotype Analysis of Buckwheat Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2011

Suresh Neethirajan ,
Tamaki Hirose ,
Junichi Wakayama ,
Kazumi Tsukamoto ,
Hiroko Kanahara  and
Shigeru Sugiyama
Suresh Neethirajan*
Affiliation:
Biological and Nanoscale Systems Group, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6445, USA
Tamaki Hirose
Affiliation:
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
Junichi Wakayama
Affiliation:
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
Kazumi Tsukamoto
Affiliation:
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
Hiroko Kanahara
Affiliation:
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
Shigeru Sugiyama*
Affiliation:
Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, National Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: suresh.neethirajan@gmail.com
Corresponding author. E-mail: ssugi@affrc.go.jp
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Abstract

Karyotype analysis and classification of buckwheat chromosomes were performed without chemical banding or staining using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat) and Fagopyrum tartaricum (Tartarian buckwheat) chromosomes were isolated from root tissues using an enzymatic maceration technique and spread over a glass substrate. Air-dried chromosomes had a surface with ridges, and the height of common and tartary buckwheat were approximately 350 and 150 nm. Volumes of metaphase sets of buckwheat chromosomes were calculated using three-dimensional AFM measurements. Chromosomes were morphologically characterized by the size, volume, arm lengths, and ratios. The calculated volumes of the F. esculentum and F. tartaricum chromosomes were in the ranges of 1.08–2.09 μm3 and 0.49–0.78 μm3, respectively. The parameters such as the relative arm length, centromere position, and the chromosome volumes measured using AFM provide accurate karyomorphological classification by avoiding the subjective inconsistencies in banding patterns of conventional methods. The karyotype evolutionary trend indicates that F. esculentum is an ancient species compared to F. tartaricum. This is the first report of a cytological karyotype of buckwheat using AFM.

Keywords

chromosomal volumesbuckwheat chromosomesatomic force microscopykaryotype
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 17 , Issue 4 , August 2011 , pp. 572 - 577
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2011

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