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The Role of Interleukin-6 in the Formation of the Coronary Vasculature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2009

Indroneal Banerjee ,
John W. Fuseler ,
Colby A. Souders ,
Stephanie L.K. Bowers  and
Troy A. Baudino
Indroneal Banerjee
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
John W. Fuseler
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Colby A. Souders
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Stephanie L.K. Bowers
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
Troy A. Baudino*
Affiliation:
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology and Anatomy, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd., Columbia, SC 29209, USA
*
Corresponding author. E-mail: troy.baudino@uscmed.sc.edu
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Abstract

The formation and the patterning of the coronary vasculature are critical to the development and pathology of the heart. Alterations in cytokine signaling and biomechanical load can alter the vascular distribution of the vessels within the heart. Changes in the physical patterning of the vasculature can have significant impacts on the relationships of the pressure-flow network and distribution of critical growth and survival factors to the tissue. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates several biological processes, including vasculogenesis. Using both immunohistological and cardioangiographic analyses, we tested the hypothesis that IL-6-loss will result in decreased vessel density, along with changes in vascular distribution. Moreover, given the impact of vascular patterning on pressure-flow and distribution mechanics, we utilized non-Euclidean geometrical fractal analysis to quantify the changes in patterning resulting from IL-6-loss. Our analyses revealed that IL-6-loss results in a decreased capillary density and increase in intercapillary distances, but does not alter vessel size or diameter. We also observed that the IL-6−/− coronary vasculature had a marked increase in fractal dimension (D value), indicating that IL-6-loss alters vascular patterning. Characterization of IL-6-loss on coronary vasculature may lend insight into the role of IL-6 in the formation and patterning of the vascular bed.

Keywords

fractal geometrycoronary vasculatureimage analysesInterleukin-6
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 15 , Issue 5 , October 2009 , pp. 415 - 421
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 2009

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