Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-02T01:46:13.425Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Playing the dictator: re-enactments of Mussolini in film and television

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 May 2016

Stephen Gundle*
Affiliation:
University of Warwick, UK

Abstract

This article explores the portrayal of Mussolini in film and television drama. It considers the contexts in which films and mini-series were made from the 1970s and the problems faced in bringing the Duce to the screen, mostly in dramas that stressed the final phase of his rule. Despite efforts to ensure authenticity in the reconstruction of locations, events and people, there was a notable emphasis on the private and personal dimensions of the dictator's life, a sphere in which screenplays had to indulge in invention in keeping with the practices of all ‘biopics’. The resulting ‘screen Mussolini’ is more human and potentially more sympathetic than the Mussolini of historiography. In a situation in which the legacies of Fascism and anti-fascism are still debated, this media construction has been controversial. The article assesses, using textual analysis, the meanings of the different representational solutions deployed in the films and considers some of the issues involved in playing Mussolini.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Association for the study of Modern Italy 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baldassini, C. 2008. L'ombra di Mussolini: l'Italia moderata e la memoria del fascismo (1945–1960). Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino.Google Scholar
Bingham, D. 2010. Whose Lives Are they Anyway? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Bosworth, R. J. B. 2005. Mussolini's Italy: Life Under the Dictatorship 1915–1945. London: Allen Lane.Google Scholar
Bosworth, R. J. B., and Dogliani, P., eds. 1999. Italian Fascism: History, Memory and Representation. Basingstoke: Palgrave.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buonanno, M. 2012. Italian TV Drama and Beyond: Stories from the Soil/Stories from the Sea. Bristol: Intellect.Google Scholar
Canby, V., “‘Lion of the Desert’, Bedouin vs. Mussolini.” New York Times, April 17, 1981, p. 24.Google Scholar
Cantrell, T., and Luckhurst, M., eds. 2010. Playing for Real: Actors on Playing Real People. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Cigognetti, L., and Sorlin, P. 2010. “History on Television: the Problem of Sources.” In Televising History: Mediating the Past in Postwar Europe, edited by Bell, E. and Gray, A., 2841. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Cooke, P. E. 2011. The Legacy of the Italian Resistance. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Crainz, G. 1999. “The Representation of Fascism and the Resistance in the Documentaries of Italian State Television.” In Italian Fascism: History, Memory and Representation, edited by Bosworth, R. J. B. and Dogliani, P., 124143. Basingstoke: Palgrave.Google Scholar
Custen, G. 1992. Bio/Pics: How Hollywood Constructed Public History. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
d.d.c.l. 1985. “Alberto Negrin: Quel Mussolini non è mio.” La Repubblica, September 12.Google Scholar
Diggins, J. P. 1972. Mussolini and Fascism: The View from America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dondi, M. 1996. “Piazzale Loreto.” In I luoghi di memoria: simboli e miti dell'Italia unita, edited by Isnenghi, M., 487499. Rome–Bari: Laterza.Google Scholar
Ebbrecht, T. 2010. “(Re)constructing Biographies: German television Docudrama and the Historical Biography.” In Televising History: Mediating the Past in Postwar Europe, edited by Bell, E. and Gray, A., 207220. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Faldini, F., and Fofi, G., eds. 1981. L'avventurosa storia del cinema italiano: raccontato dai suoi protagonisti (1960–1969). Milan: Feltrinelli.Google Scholar
Farkas, A. 1993. “Bob Hoskins, Benito sullo schermo: “lui era una persona fantastica.” Corriere della Sera, May 16.Google Scholar
Fogu, C. 2006. “Italiani brava gente: the Legacy of Fascist Historical Culture on Italian Politics of Memory.” In The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe, edited by R. N. Lebow and others, 147176. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Foot, J. 2009. Fratture d'Italia: da Caporetto al G8 di Genova – la memoria divisa del paese. Milan: Rizzoli.Google Scholar
Franceschini, E. 1985. “Per la tv americana Mussolini è soltanto una simpatico canaglia.” La Repubblica, November 26, p. 16.Google Scholar
Gallerano, N. 1986. “Critica e crisi del paradigma antifascista.” Problemi del socialismo 7:106133.Google Scholar
Gentile, E. 1998. “Mussolini's Charisma.” Modern Italy 3(2):219235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grasso, A. 2005. “‘Edda’, piace la fiction psicostorica.” Corriere della Sera, May 25, p. 41.Google Scholar
Gundle, S. 1998. “The Death (and Re-birth) of the Hero: Charisma and Manufactured Charisma in Modern Italy.” Modern Italy 3(2):173190.Google Scholar
Gundle, S. 2010. “Satire and the Destruction of the Cult of the Duce.” In Against Mussolini: Art and the Fall of a Dictator, edited by R. Cremoncini and others, 1535. London: Estorick Collection.Google Scholar
Gundle, S. 2013a. “Mussolini's Appearances in the Regions.” In The Cult of the Duce: Mussolini and the Italians, edited by Gundle, S., Duggan, C. and Pieri, G., 110128. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Gundle, S. 2013b. “The Aftermath of the Mussolini Cult: History, Nostalgia and Popular Culture.” In The Cult of the Duce: Mussolini and the Italians, edited by Gundle, S., Duggan, C., and Pieri, G., 241256. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Innocenti, V., ed. 2012. Carlo Lizzani: l'ultimo spettatore. Rome: Datanews.Google Scholar
Kezich, T., and Levantesi, A. 2001. Dino: De Laurentiis, la vita e i film. Milan: Feltrinelli.Google Scholar
La Rovere, L. 2008. L'eredità del fascismo: gli intellettuali, i giovani e la transizione al postfascismo, 1943–1948. Turin: Bollati Boringhieri.Google Scholar
Lizzani, C. 2007. Il mio lungo viaggio nel secolo breve. Turin: Einaudi.Google Scholar
Luzzatto, S. 1998. Il corpo del duce: un cadavere tra immaginazione, storia e memoria. Turin: Einaudi.Google Scholar
Mazierska, E. 2011. European Cinema and Intertextuality: History, Memory and Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Moline, K. 1988. Bob Hoskins: An Unlikely Hero. London: Sphere.Google Scholar
O'Connor, J. J. 1985a. “Decline and Fall of Mussolini Depicted on HBO.” New York Times, September 6.Google Scholar
O'Connor, J. J. 1985b. “George C. Scott as Mussolini on NBC.” New York Times, November 22.Google Scholar
Passerini, L. 1997. “Mussolini.” In I luoghi di memoria: personaggi e date dell'Italia unita, edited by Isnenghi, M., 165185. Rome–Bari: Laterza.Google Scholar
Petacci, C. 2009. Mussolini segreto: diari 1932–1938. Milan: Rizzoli.Google Scholar
Roghi, V. 2013. “Mussolini and postwar Italian television.” In The Cult of the Duce: Mussolini and the Italians, edited by Gundle, S., Duggan, C., and Pieri, G., 257269. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Rosenstone, R. 2006. History on Film/Film on History. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Sarfatti, M. G. 1925. The Life of Benito Mussolini. London: Thornton Butterworth.Google Scholar
Sheward, S. 2008. Rage and Glory: The Volatile Life and Career of George C. Scott. New York: Applause.Google Scholar
Veyrat-Masson, I. 2010. “Staging Historical Leaders on French Television: The Example of Napoleon Bonaparte.” In Televising History: Mediating the Past in Postwar Europe, edited by Bell, E., and Gray, A., 95106. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
White, H. 1988. “Historiography and Historiophoty.” American Historical Review 5:11931199.Google Scholar
Zinni, M. 2010. Fascisti di celluloide: la memoria del ventennio nel cinema italiano (1945–2000). Venice: Marsilio.Google Scholar