Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-pjpqr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-14T07:33:12.941Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Shock Initiation and High Strain Rate Mechanical Characterization of Ultrafine Energetic Powders and Compositions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2011

J. E. Field ,
S. M. Walley ,
W. G. Proud ,
J. E. Balzer ,
M. J. Gifford ,
S. G. Grantham ,
M. W. Greenaway  and
C. R. Siviour
J. E. Field
Affiliation:
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group (PCS), Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
S. M. Walley*
Affiliation:
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group (PCS), Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
W. G. Proud
Affiliation:
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group (PCS), Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
J. E. Balzer
Affiliation:
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group (PCS), Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
M. J. Gifford
Affiliation:
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group (PCS), Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
S. G. Grantham
Affiliation:
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group (PCS), Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
M. W. Greenaway
Affiliation:
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group (PCS), Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
C. R. Siviour
Affiliation:
Physics and Chemistry of Solids Group (PCS), Cavendish Laboratory, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
*
* email: smw14@phy.cam.ac.uk
Get access

Abstract

This paper reviews the techniques that have been developed at the Cavendish Laboratory for the study of the mechanical and ignition properties of energetic materials.

Type
Research Article
Information
MRS Online Proceedings Library (OPL) , Volume 800: Symposium AA – Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Energetic/Reactive Nanomaterials , 2003 , AA5.4
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Chaudhri, M. M. and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 340 113 (1974)Google Scholar
2. Heavens, S. N. and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 338 77 (1974)Google Scholar
3. Field, J. E., Swallowe, G. M., and Heavens, S. N., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 382 231 (1982)Google Scholar
4. Swallowe, G. M. and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 379 389 (1982)Google Scholar
5. Bourne, N. K. and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 435 423 (1991)Google Scholar
6. Field, J. E., Bourne, N. K., Palmer, S. J. P., and Walley, S. M., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 339 269 (1992)Google Scholar
7. Walley, S. M., Field, J. E., and Palmer, S. J. P., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 438 571 (1992)Google Scholar
8. Dickson, P. M. and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 441 359 (1993)Google Scholar
9. Luebcke, P. E., Dickson, P. M., and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 448 439 (1995)Google Scholar
10. Bourne, N. K. and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 455 2411 (1999)Google Scholar
11. Walley, S. M., Balzer, J. E., Proud, W. G., and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 456 1483 (2000)Google Scholar
12. Field, J. E., Swallowe, G. M., Pope, P. H., and Palmer, S. J. P., Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 70 381 (1984)Google Scholar
13. Field, J. E., Palmer, S. J. P., Pope, P. H., Sundararajan, R., and Swallowe, G. M., “Mechanical properties of PBXs and their behaviour during drop-weight impact”, Proc. Eighth Symposium (Int.) on Detonation, ed. Short, J. M. (Naval Surface Weapons Center, White Oak, Maryland, USA, 1985), p. 635 Google Scholar
14. Palmer, S. J. P., Field, J. E., and Huntley, J. M., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 440 399 (1993)Google Scholar
15. Goldrein, H. T., Huntley, J. M., Palmer, S. J. P., Whitworth, M. B., and Field, J. E., “Optical techniques for strength studies of polymer bonded explosives”, Proc. 10th Int. Detonation Symposium, ed. Short, J. M. and Tasker, D. G. (Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia, 1995), p. 525 Google Scholar
16. Rae, P. J., Goldrein, H. T., Palmer, S. J. P., Field, J. E., and Lewis, A. L., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 458 743 (2002)Google Scholar
17. Rae, P. J., Palmer, S. J. P., Goldrein, H. T., Field, J. E., and Lewis, A. L., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 458 2227 (2002)Google Scholar
18. Goldrein, H. T., Rae, P. J., Palmer, S. J. P., and Field, J. E., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 360 939 (2002)Google Scholar
19. Siviour, C. R., Walley, S. M., Proud, W. G., and Field, J. E., “Hopkinson bar studies on polymer bonded explosives”, Proc. 6th Seminar on New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials, ed. Vágenknecht, J. (University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic, 2003), p. 338 Google Scholar
20. Grantham, S. G. and Field, J. E., Proc. SPIE 4933 27 (2003)Google Scholar
21. Goldrein, H. T., Palmer, S. J. P., and Huntley, J. M., Optics Lasers Engng 23 305 (1995)Google Scholar
22. Proud, W. G., Palmer, S. J. P., Field, J. E., Kennedy, G., and Lewis, A., Thermochim. Acta 384 245 (2002)Google Scholar
23. Goldrein, H. T., Rae, P. J., Palmer, S. J. P., Lewis, A. L., Miles, G., and Zahlan, N., “Whole-field displacement measurement with moiré interferometry as a basis for microstructural FE model of a polymer bonded explosive”, Field Analyses for Determination of Material Parameters: Experimental and Numerical Aspects, ed. Ståhle, P. and Sundin, K. G. (Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2003), p. 1 Google Scholar
24. Huntley, J. M. and Field, J. E., Engng Fract. Mech. 30 779 (1988)Google Scholar
25. Whitworth, M. B., Huntley, J. M., and Field, J. E., Proc. SPIE 1358 677 (1990)Google Scholar
26. Huntley, J. M. and Field, J. E., Opt. Engng 33 1700 (1994)Google Scholar
27. Gray, G. T. III, “Classic split-Hopkinson pressure bar testing”, ASM Handbook. Vol. 8: Mechanical Testing and Evaluation, ed. Kuhn, H. and Medlin, D. (ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 2000), p. 462 Google Scholar
28. Field, J. E., Proud, W. G., Walley, S. M., and Goldrein, H. T., “Review of experimental techniques for high rate deformation and shock studies”, New Experimental Methods in Material Dynamics and Impact, ed. Nowacki, W. K. and Klepaczko, J. R. (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland, 2001), p. 109 Google Scholar
29. Gorham, D. A., Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. 47 16 (1980)Google Scholar
30. Gorham, D. A., Pope, P. H., and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 438 153 (1992)Google Scholar
31. Walley, S. M. and Field, J. E., DYMAT Journal 1 211 (1994)Google Scholar
32. Kandasamy, R. and Brar, N. S., Exper. Mech. 35 119 (1995)Google Scholar
33. Balzer, J. E., Siviour, C. R., Walley, S. M., Proud, W. G., and Field, J. E., Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A (accepted for publication) (2003)Google Scholar
34. Briscoe, B. J. and Nosker, R. W., Wear 95 241 (1984)Google Scholar
35. Walley, S. M., Field, J. E., Pope, P. H., and Safford, N. A., Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 328 1 (1989)Google Scholar
36. Walley, S. M., Field, J. E., Pope, P. H., and Safford, N. A., J. Phys. III France 1 1889 (1991)Google Scholar
37. Gary, G., Rota, L., and Zhao, H., “Testing viscous soft materials at medium and high strain rates”, Constitutive Relation in High/Very High Strain Rates, ed. Kawata, K. and Shioiri, J. (Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, 1996), p. 25 Google Scholar
38. Siviour, C. R., Walley, S. M., Proud, W. G., and Field, J. E., “Are low impedance Hopkinson bars necessary for stress equilibrium in soft materials?” New Experimental Methods in Material Dynamics and Impact, ed. Nowacki, W. K. and Klepaczko, J. R. (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland, 2001), p. 421 Google Scholar
39. Sjödahl, M. and Benckert, L. R., Appl. Opt. 32 2278 (1993)Google Scholar
40. Sjödahl, M., Appl. Opt. 33 6667 (1994)Google Scholar
41. Sjödahl, M., “Strain field measurements using electronic speckle photography: A comparison”, Recent Advances in Experimental Mechanics, ed. Gomes, S. (Balkema, Rotterdam, 1994), p. 325 Google Scholar
42. Carneiro, F. L. and Barcellos, A., RILEM Bull. 13 98 (1949)Google Scholar
43. Hondros, G., Austral. J. Appl. Sci. 10 243 (1959)Google Scholar
44. Fadeev, A. B., Sov. Mining Sci. 10 378 (1974)Google Scholar
45. Smith, G. W., Riches, M. J., Huxford, R. B., Smith, P. A., Seymour, C. L. G., and Bell, J. D., Proc. SPIE 4183 105 (2001)Google Scholar
46. Coffey, C. S. and DeVost, V. F., “Drop weight impact machines: A review of recent progress”, JANNAF Propulsion Systems Hazards Subcommittee Meeting (CPIA Publ. no. 446 vol. 1), (Chemical Propulsion Information Agency, Columbia, Maryland, 1986), p. 527 Google Scholar
47. Mortlock, H. N. and Wilby, J., Explosivstoffe 14 49 (1966)Google Scholar
48. Coleman, K. R., “The photography of high temperature events”, Proc. Fourth Int. Kongress Kurzzeitphotographie, ed. Schardin, H. and Helwich, O. (Verlag Dr. Othmar Helwich, Darmstadt, Germany, 1959), p. 32 Google Scholar
49. Balzer, J. E., Low-level impact loading of explosives, PhD, Univ. of Cambridge (2001)Google Scholar
50. Bourne, N. K., Rosenberg, Z., Johnson, D. J., Field, J. E., Timbs, A. E., and Flaxman, R. P., Meas. Sci. Technol. 6 1462 (1995)Google Scholar
51. Proud, W. G., “The measurement of hot-spots in granulated ammonium nitrate”, Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001, ed. Furnish, M. D., Thadhani, N. N., and Horie, Y. (American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2002), p. 1081 Google Scholar
52. Proud, W. G., Crossland, E. J. W., and Field, J. E., Proc. SPIE 4948 510 (2003)Google Scholar
53. Greenaway, M. W., Proud, W. G., Field, J. E., and Goveas, S. G., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73 2185 (2002)Google Scholar
54. Watson, S. and Field, J. E., J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 33 170 (2000)Google Scholar
55. Watson, S. and Field, J. E., J. Appl. Phys. 88 3859 (2000)Google Scholar
56. Watson, S., Gifford, M. J., and Field, J. E., J. Appl. Phys. 88 65 (2000)Google Scholar
57. Greenaway, M. W., Gifford, M. J., Proud, W. G., Field, J. E., and Goveas, S., “Laser-driven flyer plate initiation of explosives”, Theory and Practice of Energetic Materials, ed. Chen, L. and Feng, C. (China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 2001), p. 451 Google Scholar
58. Greenaway, M. W., Gifford, M. J., Proud, W. G., Field, J. E., and Goveas, S. G., “An investigation into the initiation of hexanitrostilbene by laser-driven flyer plates”, Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001, ed. Furnish, M. D., Thadhani, N. N., and Horie, Y. (American Institute of Physics, Melville, NY, 2002), p. 1035 Google Scholar
59. Watson, S., The production and study of laser-driven flyer plates, PhD thesis, Univ. of Cambridge (1998)Google Scholar
60. Greenaway, M. W., The development and characterisation of a laser-driven flyer system, PhD thesis, Univ. of Cambridge (2001)Google Scholar
61. Ermolaev, B. S., Sulimov, A. A., Okunev, V. A., and Khrapovskii, V. E., Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 24 59 (1988)Google Scholar
62. Khrapovskii, V. E., Combust. Explos. Shock Waves 29 129 (1993)Google Scholar
63. Price, D. and Bernecker, R. R., Propell. Explos. 6 5 (1981)Google Scholar
64. Gifford, M. J., Chakravarty, A., Greenaway, M. W., Watson, S., Proud, W. G., and Field, J. E., “Unconventional properties of ultrafine energetic materials”, Energetic Materials: Ignition, Combustion and Detonation, ed. (DWS Werbeagentur und Verlag GmBH, Karlsruhe, 2001), p. paper 100Google Scholar
65. Gifford, M. J., Luebcke, P. E., and Field, J. E., J. Appl. Phys. 86 1749 (1999)Google Scholar