^{page 374 note 1} For a full discussion of the significance of the idea of the fall of the angels see especially chapters iii–v and the conclusion of The Significance of the Synoptic Miracle.Google Scholar

^{page 374 note 2} J.T.S. O.S. I, 161 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 375 note 1} J.T.S. O.S. XVI, 381.Google Scholar

^{page 375 note 2} Jeremias, J., The Parables of Jesus (1963), p. 11. All references are to this edition.Google Scholar

^{page 375 note 3} Dodd, C. H., The Parables of the Kingdom, p. 26.Google Scholar

^{page 375 note 4} Dodd, , op. cit. pp. 25fGoogle Scholar

^{page 375 note 5} Ibid. p. 22.

^{page 375 note 6} Jeremias, , op. cit. p. 19.Google Scholar

^{page 375 note 7} Ibid. p. 114.

^{page 375 note 8} Manson, T. W., The Teaching of Jesus, p. 65.Google Scholar

^{page 375 note 9} Ibid. p. 58.

^{page 375 note 10} Ibid. p. 57; Jeremias, , op. cit. p. 20; Cranfield, S.J.T. IV, 406f., ‘The mainspring of this second argument…is really the assumption that parabolé in the Gospels has its classical Greek meaning.’Google Scholar

^{page 376 note 1} Rawlinson, A. E. J., The Gospel according to St Mark, p. 47. Italics mine.Google Scholar

^{page 376 note 2} Smith, M., J.B.L. LXXXII (1963), 171.Google Scholar

^{page 376 note 3} Bousset, , quoted in Abrahams, I., Studies in Pharisaism, I, 90.Google Scholar

^{page 377 note 1} Burkitt, F. C., The Gospel History and its Transmission, p. 145;Google Scholarsee also Gerhardsson, B., Memory and Manuscript, p. 168. But it is not right to impose these techniques upon the Gospels.Google Scholar

^{page 377 note 2} ‘…war der Prooemientext vollständig der freien Wahl des Redners überlassen’, Bacher, W., Die Proömien der alten jüdischen Homilie, p. 7. The Midrashim show a preference for books that were associated with the seasons, e.g. for Canticles at Passover, for Ruth at Pentecost, etc. How early these Megilloth came to be connected with feasts is not certain. The earliest actual reference is in Tract. Sopherim xiv. 18.Google Scholar

^{page 377 note 3} Both Philo and the N.T. know of the homily as an independent part of the Liturgy. See, e.g. Philo, De Spec. Leg. ii.Google Scholar

^{page 377 note 4} A larger work in preparation will supply fuller detail.Google Scholar

^{page 377 note 5} The principles of such analysis are set out in Mann, J., The Bible as Read and Preached in the Old Synagogue. Mann did not live to see published the three-volume study that he promised, but we understand that his MS. is in existence.Google Scholar

^{page 378 note 1} This parable is printed in Abrahams, I., Studies, I, 103.Google Scholar

^{page 378 note 2} A cycle of readings beginning in Nisan is assumed.Google Scholar

^{page 379 note 1} This interpretation first appears in II (IV) Esdras V. 24, 26; vii. 26.Google Scholar

^{page 379 note 2} So the Haggadist reads.Google Scholar

^{page 379 note 3} See Revue de Qumran, IV, 72 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 380 note 1} Dodd, , op. cit. p. 11.Google Scholar

^{page 380 note 2} Knox, W. L., The Sources of the Synoptic Gospels, I, 35.Google Scholar

^{page 380 note 3} Clem. I Cor. xxiv; Justin, , Dial. 125.Google Scholar

^{page 380 note 4} Jeremias, , op. cit. p. 150.Google Scholar

^{page 380 note 5} Oesterley, W. O. E., The Gospel Parables, pp. 45f. It will be remembered that Jülicher, although he believed the lesson of the parable to be that expenditure of effort cannot everywhere count on the same success (Die Gleichnisreden, I 110f.), yet entitled it ‘Vom viererlei Acker’.Google Scholar

^{page 380 note 6} Black, M., An Aramaic Approach, pp. 121, 45.Google Scholar

^{page 381 note 1} The most accessible list of Sedarim is printed on p. 234 of Dr Guilding's The Fourth Gospel and Jewish Worship, but this is ‘necessarily an approximation’.Google Scholar

^{page 381 note 2} M. Meg. iv. 10; b. Meg. 25 b.Google Scholar

^{page 381 note 3} Schechter, S., Some Aspects of Rabbinic Theology, p. 317.Google Scholar

^{page 382 note 1} Peake, A. S., Jeremiah (Century Bible), p. 116.Google Scholar

^{page 382 note 2} On the observance of the 9th Ab in the first century see Guilding, , op. cit. p. 200.Google Scholar

^{page 382 note 3} Jeremias, , op. cit. p. 77.Google Scholar

^{page 383 note 1} Deut. xxxiii. 10; Isa. ii. 3.Google Scholar

^{page 383 note 2} This may explain the tense of σπαρένΤες, ‘They that were sown on good ground: Its interpretation is those who hear, receive, and bear fruit.’Google Scholar

^{page 383 note 3} This suggestion was advanced in an unpublished thesis in 1962. Its general lines have since received support in an article in J.S.S. VII, 271–3, by Gertner, M..Google Scholar

^{page 383 note 4} Bacon, B. W., Studies in Matthew, p. 85.Google Scholar

^{page 383 note 5} Knox, , op. cit. I, 37.Google Scholar

^{page 384 note 1} Jeremias, , op. cit. p. 151.Google Scholar

^{page 384 note 2} Black, , op. cit. p. 122.Google Scholar

^{page 384 note 3} Although the Midrashim contain items on Lev. xxv. I, the exposition is always linked with verse 14, and none of the items concerns the intermediate verses. It should also be noted that Lev. xxv. 1–13 gave divine authority to Moses' exposition of the Law in Deut. xv, ‘in the fields of Moab’, for Leviticus states expressly that Shemittah was given on Sinai.Google Scholar

^{page 384 note 4} Such a year was a.d. 26/27.Google Scholar

^{page 385 note 1} p. Hab. vii. 5–13.Google Scholar

^{page 385 note 2} Milik, J. T., Ten Years of Discovery, pp. 92 f.Google Scholar

^{page 385 note 3} Snaith, N. H., Jewish New Year Festival, p. 193;Google ScholarKohler, K. in H.U.C.A. I, 387ff.;Google ScholarRoth, C. in J.J.S. XI, 173 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 385 note 4} M. Kil. ii. 9; iii. 2.Google Scholar

^{page 385 note 5} Beare, F. W., The Earliest Records of Jesus, p. 115.Google Scholar

^{page 386 note 1} ‘Probably’, because the Book of Balaam (Num. xxii. 2–xxiv. 25) was variously read through as a single lection, or was divided in two at xxiii. 10. Midrashic items associate this Haphtarah with it.Google Scholar

^{page 386 note 2} Compare Isa. ii. 3; lx. II; Jer. iii. 17; Mic. vii. 12, 16f.; Zech. viii. 21–3; xiv. 6.Google Scholar

^{page 386 note 3} Manson, T. W., The Sayings of Jesus, p. 123.Google Scholar

^{page 386 note 4} p. Hab. vii. 13.Google Scholar