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Digital Sources for Nineteenth Century Music in Spain: The Digitization Project of the National Library in Context
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 September 2022
Extract
The National Library of Spain (Biblioteca Nacional de España, BNE) is the head of the Spanish library system. It holds all books published in Spain, and also several collections of different types, including the Music and Audiovisuals Department's sound recordings and sheet music. Its Department of Bibliographic Control of Periodicals catalogues both newspapers and magazines. In addition, the BNE offers a number of online services including the Hispanic Digital Library (Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, BDH) and the Digital Newspaper Library (Hemeroteca Digital, HemD). The BDH, was created in 2008 and currently provides free and open access to more than 220,000 digitized documents, including recordings and scores.1 In contrast, HemD, which is part of the BDH, focuses on the public dissemination of the digital collection of Spanish historical presses.2 It currently offers around 2,500 titles and more than 70,000,000 pages.3 Newspapers and magazines are available in PDF format and searches are facilitated by OCR (Optical Character Recognition).
- Type
- Review Essay
- Information
- Nineteenth-Century Music Review , Volume 20 , Special Issue 1: Music, War and Trauma in the Long Nineteenth Century , April 2023 , pp. 235 - 248
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press
Footnotes
We are most thankful to the staff of the Music and Audiovisual Department of the Biblioteca Nacional de España for their availability and patience in answering our questions and for their invaluable help in writing this review. All websites cited in this review were accessed during December 2021 and January 2022.
References
1 January 2020 data, BNE, www.bne.es/es/Catalogos/BibliotecaDigitalHispanica/Acercade/.
2 Fuentes, Lola Rodríguez, ‘Hemeroteca digital de la Biblioteca Nacional: tres claves de su éxito’, Métodos de Información (MEI) 2 (2011): 21–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar. http://www.metodosdeinformacion.es/mei/index.php/mei/article/view/IIMEI2-N2-021027/860.
3 September 2020 data. Hemeroteca Digital – Catálogos, Information, www.bne.es/es/Catalogos/HemerotecaDigital/MasInformacion/.
4 May 2021 data, BNE, www.bne.es/es/Catalogos/BibliotecaDigitalHispanica/Acercade/.
5 Duchesneau, Michel, ‘Gallica: The Online Digital Library of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France’, Nineteenth-Century Music Review 11 (2014): 337–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
6 Even with the limitations, the virtual dissemination of the BNE's holdings has made it a highly significant institution in Latin America. See Izquierdo, José Manuel and Vera, Fernanda, ‘Digital Humanities and Nineteenth-Century Music: Some Perspectives and Examples from Latin America’, Nineteenth-Century Music Review 18/1 (2021): 123CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
7 Sánchez, María Teresa Delgado, ‘Hacia una biblioteca digital musical: el caso de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, Boletín DM 16 (2012): 31Google Scholar. For general reference, see José Carlos Gozálvez, La edición musical española hasta 1936: guía para la datación de partituras (Madrid: Aedom, 1995).
8 The ‘Manual de Música Notada’, produced by the Workgroup for the Collective Catalogue for Bibliographic Heritage, was published in the site of the BNE, although in recent years it has not been available.
9 Lorenzo, María Jesús López and Sánchez, María Teresa Delgado, ‘La gestión y difusión del patrimonio musical de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, RUIDERAe: Revista de Unidades de Información 12 (2017)Google Scholar, https://revista.uclm.es/index.php/ruiderae/article/view/1645.
10 In 2007 the musicologist and art-historian Antonio Gallego compiled a selection of works to be included in the exhibition ‘Biblioteca Hispánica: obras maestras de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, which was held at the BNE in Madrid, from 17 October 2007 to 20 January 2008. The curators of this exhibition were María Cristina Guillén Bermejo and Isabel Ortega García. A digital version of that exhibition can be visited on the website of the BNE, www.bne.es/es/Actividades/Exposiciones/Exposiciones/Exposiciones2007/BDHvisitavirtual/expo.htm. An interesting description of the musical items included in the exhibition can be found at www.bne.es/es/Actividades/Exposiciones/Exposiciones/Exposiciones2007/BDHvisitavirtual/artic/artic05.pdf. See also Sánchez, Teresa Delgado, ‘Hacia una biblioteca digital musical: el caso de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, Boletin DM 16 (2012): 33Google Scholar.
11 Lorenzo, María Jesús López and Sánchez, María Teresa Delgado, ‘La gestión y difusión del patrimonio musical de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, RUIDERAe: Revista de Unidades de Información 12 (2017): 1Google Scholar. A selection of the nineteenth-century musical collections can be viewed in the exhibition catalogue Nieves Iglesias Martínez and Isabel Lozano Martínez. La música del siglo XIX: una herramienta para su descripción bibliográfica (Madrid: Biblioteca Nacional de España, 2008).
12 Sánchez, María Teresa Delgado, ‘Hacia una biblioteca digital musical: el caso de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, Boletín DM 16 (2012): 33Google Scholar.
13 In her 2012 article, Teresa Delgado gives the total number of digitized nineteenth-century scores as 30,895. The comparison of this number with the results of our search leads us, therefore, to think that not all the digitized materials are included in the BDH. See Sánchez, María Teresa Delgado, ‘Hacia una biblioteca digital musical: el caso de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, Boletín DM 16 (2012): 33Google Scholar.
15 A general description of the personal archives of the BNE can be found at www.bne.es/es/Catalogos/ArchivosPersonales/.
16 Since March 2010, a database specifically designed to process materials and media from different types of archives, based on the international archival standard ISAD(G), can be accessed from the Library's website.
17 The ‘Barbieri documents’ are part of the subcollection of archives of music professionals and music organizations. A description of that subcollection is available at www.bne.es/es/Colecciones/ArchivosPersonales/Subcolecciones/arch_musica.html. Regarding the Personal Archives with musical holdings, see José Carlos Gosálvez Lara, ‘La Biblioteca Nacional: bibliotecas y archivos de música particulares integrados en el Servicio de Partituras’ in El Patrimonio Musical Español de los siglos XIX y XX: estado de la cuestión (Madrid: Fundación Xavier de Salas, 1994): 85–101; see also Isabel Lozano Martínez, ‘La documentación musical en la Biblioteca Nacional. Historia, estructura y tipos de documentos’ in El archivo de los sonidos: la gestión de fondos musicales. ed. Pedro José Gómez González, Luis Hernández Olivera, Josefa Montero García and Raúl Vicente Baz (Salamanca: Asociación de Archiveros de Castilla y León, 2008), 353–76. I. Lozano Martinez also presented a comunication entitled ‘Los archivos personales y de entidades musicales del Departamento de Música y Audiovisuales de la Biblioteca Nacional’ at the Quintas Jornadas de Archivo y Memoria: Extraordinarios y fuera de serie: formación, conservación y gestión de archivos personales (Fifth Conference on Archive and Memory: Extraordinary and out of series: formation, conservation and management of personal archives), Madrid, 17–18 February 2011, www.docutren.com/ArchivoyMemoria/ArchivoyMemoria2011/pdf/5J_Com_26_Lozano_web.pdf.
18 Lorenzo, María Jesús López, ‘El papel de la Biblioteca Nacional de España en la preservación y digitalización del patrimonio sonoro’, Documentación de Ciencias de la Información 43 (2020): 67Google Scholar.
19 María Jesús López Lorenzo, ‘El papel de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, 67.
20 On the production of pianola rolls during the nineteenth century in Spain, see Jordi Roger González, Els sons del paper perforat: Aproximacions multidisciplinàries al fenomen de la pianola (PhD diss., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017).
21 María Jesús López Lorenzo, ‘El papel de la Biblioteca Nacional de España’, 68.
22 The database has been hosted on the AEDOM website for the last few years (https://aedom.org/matriz), but the association is currently considering new possibilities in terms of its location or publication.
24 The journal was initially known as El Correo Literario y Mercantil, but from 1829 it was known as El Correo: periódico literario y mercantil.
25 Available at https://prensahistorica.mcu.es/es/inicio/inicio.do.
26 Available at www.boe.es/buscar/gazeta.php.
27 Available at http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/login.html.
28 Available at https://www.abc.es/archivo/.
29 Data concerning the life of the publications was extracted from Jacinto Torres Mulas, Las publicaciones periódicas musicales en España (1812–1990): estudio crítico-bibliográfico (Madrid: Instituto de Bibliografía Musical, 1991). Torres Mulas inventories 240 periodicals published between 1800 and 1918, so that, on the basis of the list of 36 titles in Tables 3 and 4, we can estimate that only 15 per cent of this total is digitized.
33 The first six issues of 1842 are available at https://archive.org/details/ElOrfeoAndaluz.
34 Hispana is the online portal of Spanish digital heritage and the national aggregator of content to Europeana. Available at https://hispana.mcu.es/es/inicio/inicio.do.