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Changes in foraging behaviour during the infective stage of entomopathogenic nematodes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

E. E. Lewis ,
S. Selvan ,
J. F. Campbell  and
R. Gaugler
E. E. Lewis
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, PO Box 231, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903—0231, USA
S. Selvan
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, PO Box 231, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903—0231, USA
J. F. Campbell
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, PO Box 231, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903—0231, USA
R. Gaugler
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, PO Box 231, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903—0231, USA
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Summary

Studies of foraging strategies are often complicated by competing goals of the forager. In contrast, non-feeding infective juvenile entomopathogenic nematodes forage exclusively for a single host. Two questions were posed: (1) what is the relationship between metabolic rate, energy reserves and foraging strategy and (2) when a foraging strategy fails, will an infective-stage parasite switch strategies? Three species of entomopathogenic nematodes were stored in water and changes in their behaviour, metabolic rate, energy reserves, and infectivity were measured throughout the storage period. Steinernema carpocapsae ambushes insect hosts, whereas S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora cruise forage. Steinernema carpocapsae was least active and had the lowest metabolic rate. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was more active and had the highest metabolic rate. Steinernema glaseri was most active and had an intermediate metabolic rate. Neither cruising species changed foraging strategy. Steinernema carpocapsae decreased nictation (a behaviour associated with ambushing only) and increased their locomotory rate. Any change in searching strategy occurred without assessment of the profitability or distribution of potential hosts, but the advantage this confers is unknown.

Keywords

behaviourforaging strategiesentomopathogenic nematodesmetabolism
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 110 , Issue 5 , June 1995 , pp. 583 - 590
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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