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Efficacy of halofuginone products to prevent or treat cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2020

Julii Brainard Open the ORCID record for Julii Brainard [Opens in a new window] ,
Charlotte C. Hammer ,
Paul R. Hunter ,
Frank Katzer Open the ORCID record for Frank Katzer [Opens in a new window] ,
Georgina Hurle  and
Kevin Tyler Open the ORCID record for Kevin Tyler [Opens in a new window]
Julii Brainard*
Affiliation:
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
Charlotte C. Hammer
Affiliation:
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
Paul R. Hunter
Affiliation:
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
Frank Katzer
Affiliation:
The Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Penicuik, UK
Georgina Hurle
Affiliation:
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
Kevin Tyler
Affiliation:
Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK
*
Author for correspondence: Julii Brainard, E-mail: j.brainard@uea.ac.uk
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Abstract

A prior systematic review on the efficacy of halofuginone (HFG) treatment to prevent or treat cryptosporidiosis in bovine calves was inconclusive. We undertook an updated synthesis and meta-analyses on key outcomes for the treatment of calves with HFG. Evaluated outcomes were oocyst shedding, diarrhoea, mortality and weight gain. Experiments had to describe results for same age animals in contemporary arms. Most doses were 100–150 mcg kg−1 day−1. Results were subgrouped by study design, experiments with the lowest risk of bias and lack of industry funding. Eighteen articles were found that described 25 experiments. Most evidence came from randomized controlled trials in Europe. Significantly lower incidence of oocyst shedding, diarrhoea burden and mortality was reported when treatment started before calves were 5 days old. Most studies reported on outcomes for animals up to at least 28 days old. Publication bias was possible in all outcomes and seemed especially likely for diarrhoea outcomes. Beneficial results when HFG treatment was initiated in calves older than 5 days were also found. Prophylactic treatment to prevent cryptosporidiosis is effective in preventing multiple negative outcomes and is beneficial to calf health and will result in a reduction of environmental contamination by Cryptosporidium oocysts.

Keywords

Bovine calvescryptosporidiosisdairydiarrhoeahalofuginone
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 4 , April 2021 , pp. 408 - 419
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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