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Haplotype comparisons of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato via mitochondrial gene sequences (co1, cytb, nadh1) among Pakistan and its neighbouring countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2021

Aisha Khan ,
Haroon Ahmed Open the ORCID record for Haroon Ahmed [Opens in a new window] ,
Sami Simsek Open the ORCID record for Sami Simsek [Opens in a new window] ,
Khuram Shahzad ,
Figen Celik Open the ORCID record for Figen Celik [Opens in a new window] ,
Muhammad Sohail Afzal Open the ORCID record for Muhammad Sohail Afzal [Opens in a new window] ,
Mobushir Riaz Khan ,
Hua Liu ,
Yujuan Shen Open the ORCID record for Yujuan Shen [Opens in a new window]  and
Jianping Cao Open the ORCID record for Jianping Cao [Opens in a new window]
Aisha Khan
Affiliation:
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai; China The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Haroon Ahmed*
Affiliation:
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Sami Simsek
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
Khuram Shahzad
Affiliation:
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
Figen Celik
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig, Turkey
Muhammad Sohail Afzal
Affiliation:
Department of Lifesciences, School of Science, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
Mobushir Riaz Khan
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Science, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
Hua Liu
Affiliation:
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai; China The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Yujuan Shen
Affiliation:
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai; China The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Jianping Cao*
Affiliation:
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai; China The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
*
Author for correspondence: Haroon Ahmed, E-mail: haroonahmad12@yahoo.com; Jianping Cao, E-mail: caojp@yahoo.com
Author for correspondence: Haroon Ahmed, E-mail: haroonahmad12@yahoo.com; Jianping Cao, E-mail: caojp@yahoo.com
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Abstract

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a zoonotic parasite that causes cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans. However, E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) is considered the predominant species in CE infections worldwide. According to the population genetic diversity and structure of E. granulosus s.l., gene flow can explain the parasite drift among the neighbouring countries of Pakistan. The mitochondrial (mt) co1 (n = 47), nadh1 (n = 37) and cytb (n = 35) nucleotide sequences of E. granulosus s.l. isolates from Pakistan, Iran, China and India were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database to determine the genealogical relationships. The sequences were grouped as the mt-co1 (genotypes G1 and G3, G6-G7), mt-cytb (genotypes G1 and G3), and mt-nadh1(genotypes G1 and G3). The data were analysed using bioinformatic tools. A total of 19 polymorphic sites for the mt-co1 sequence (374 bp) were observed of which 31.6% (6/19) were parsimony-informative sites. Unique singleton haplotypes within the E. granulosus s.s. haplotype network based on the mt-co1 gene were highly prevalent (68.4%; 13/19) in Pakistani isolates followed by Chinese, Indian and Iranian isolates; four polymorphic sites were detected in the E. canadensis (G6/G7). In E. canadensis mt-co1 haplotype network, 75% (3/4) unique singleton haplotypes were from the Iranian isolates. Twelve polymorphic sites were found using the mt-cytb sequence (547 bp); 25% (3/12) were parsimony-informative and there were 66.7% (8/12) unique singleton haplotypes within the mt-cytb haplotype network in E. granulosus s.s. with the most reported from Pakistan followed by Iran and China. 20 polymorphic sites were detected in E. granulosus s.s. mt-nadh1 sequences (743 bp); 20% (4/20) were parsimony-informative. There were 66.7% (8/12) main single haplotypes within the mt-nadh1 haplotype network, with the most reported from Pakistan followed by that from India, Iran and China. The sequence analyses show low nucleotide diversity and high haplotype diversity in general.

Keywords

Bioinformaticsco1cytbEchinococcus granulosus sensu latohaplotypenadh1
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 9 , August 2021 , pp. 1019 - 1029
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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