Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-29T04:16:25.862Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Intonational phrasing: the case for recursive prosodic structure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 October 2008

D. Robert Ladd
D. Robert Ladd*
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The past decade has seen a good deal of research on the relation between phonology and syntax, and on the nature of the phonological structures – both intonational and metrical – on to which syntactic structure must be mapped (e.g. Liberman & Prince 1977; Pierrehumbert 1980; Selkirk 1984; Kaisse 1985; Nespor & Vogel 1986). While some of this work breaks genuinely new ground, in at least one respect it relies on a theoretical legacy from work going back at least half a century: the INTONATIONAL PHRASE (IP). The goal of this paper is to examine the properties of the IP as a theoretical construct and to propose a substantially modified approach to intonational phrasing.

Type
Research Article
Information
Phonology , Volume 3 , May 1986 , pp. 311 - 340
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

In developing the ideas presented here I have profited from discussions with Ronnie Cann, Heinz Giegerich, Haruo Kubozono and Mary Tait, and from the comments of Mary Beckman, Steve Isard, and an anonymous Phonology Yearbook referee on an earlier version of the paper. Responsibility for the content of the paper is mine alone.

References

Armstrong, Lilias & Ida, C. Ward (1922). A handbook of English intonation. Leipzig & Berlin: Teubner.Google Scholar
Bing, Janet, Mueller (1979). Aspects of English prosody. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.Google Scholar
Bolinger, Dwight, (1958). A theory of pitch accent in English. Word 14. 109–149.Google Scholar
Bolinger, Dwight, (1986). Intonation and its parts. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Bruce, Gösta, (1982). Developing the Swedish intonation model. Working Papers in Linguistics, Lund University 22. 51–116.Google Scholar
Chao, Y. R. (1932). A preliminary study of English intonation (with American variants) and its Chinese equivalents. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology of the Academica Sinica, Supplementary Volume I.Google Scholar
Cooper, William & John, Sorensen (1981). Fundamental frequency in sentence production. Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar
Crystal, David, (1969). Prosodic systems and intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dell, François (1986). L'accentuation dans les phrases en français. In François, DellDaniel, Hirst & Jean-Roger, Vergnaud (eds.) Les représentations en phonologie. Paris: Hermann. 65–122.Google Scholar
Downing, Bruce, (1970). Syntactic structure and phonological phrasing in English. PhD dissertation, University of Texas.Google Scholar
Fujisaki, Hiroya, & Sudo, H. (1971). Synthesis by rule of prosodic features of connected Japanese. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Acoustics. Vol. 3. 133–136.Google Scholar
Gage, William, (1958). Grammatical structures in American English intonation. PhD dissertation, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Gussenhoven, Carlos, (1983). A semantic analysis of the nuclear tones of English. Indiana University Linguistics Club.Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1967). Intonation and grammar in British English. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
't, HartJohan, & René, Collier (1975). Integrating different levels of intonation analysis. JPh 3. 235–255.Google Scholar
Hirst, Daniel, (1983). Interpreting intonation: a modular approach. Journal of Semantics 2. 171–181.Google Scholar
Hockett, Charles, F. (1958). A course in modern linguistics. New York: Macmillan. Householder, Fred, (1957). Accent, juncture, intonation, and my grandfather's reader. Word13. 234–245.Google Scholar
Imbert, Pierre, (1985). L'intonation des phrases clivées en français: essai d'interprétation phonologique. Doctorat de 3e cycle, Université de Provence.Google Scholar
Kaisse, Ellen, M. (1985). Connected speech: the interaction of syntax and phonology. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Kruyt, J. G. (1985). Accent from speakers to listeners. PhD dissertation, University of Leiden.Google Scholar
Kutik, ElanahWilliam, Cooper & Suzanne, Boyce (1983). Declination of fundamental frequency in speakers' production of parenthetical and main clauses. JASA 73. 1731–1738.Google Scholar
Ladd, Robert, D. (1980). The structure of intonational meaning: evidence from English. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Ladd, Robert, D. (1983). Phonological features of intonational peaks. Lg 59. 721–759.Google Scholar
Ladd, Robert, D. (1984). Declination: a review and some hypotheses. PhY I. 53–74.Google Scholar
Ladd, Robert, D. (forthcoming). Declination ‘reset’ and the hierarchical organization of utterances. Paper submitted to Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.Google Scholar
Ladd, Robert, D.Silverman, KimFrank, TolkmittGunther, Bergmann & Scherer, K. R. (1985). Evidence for the independent function of intonation Contour, pitch range, and voice quality. JASA 78. 435–444.Google Scholar
Liberman, Mark, (1975). The intonational system of English. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Liberman, Mark & Janet, Pierrehumbert (1984). Intonational invariance under changes in pitch range and length. In Aronoff, M. & Oehrle, R. T. (eds.) Language sound structure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 157–233.Google Scholar
Liberman, Mark & Alan, Prince (1977). On stress and linguistic rhythm. LI 8. 249–336.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Philip, (1967). Intonation, perception, and language. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Lindsey, Geoffrey, (1985). Intonation and interrogation: tonal structure and the expression of a pragmatic function in English and other languages. PhD dissertation, UCLA.Google Scholar
Maeda, Shinji, (1976). A characterization of American English intonation. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Nespor, Marina & Irene, Vogel (1982). Prosodic domains of external sandhi rules. In Harry, van der Hulst & Norval, Smith (eds.) The structure of phonological representations. Vol. 1. Dordrecht: Foris. 225–255.Google Scholar
Nespor, Marina & Irene, Vogel (1983). Prosodic structure above the word. In Anne, Cutler & Ladd, D. Robert (eds.) Prosody: models and measurements. Heidelberg: Springer. 123–140.Google Scholar
Nespor, Marina & Irene, Vogel (1986). Prosodic phonology. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
O'Connor, J. D. & Arnold, G. F. (1973). Intonation of colloquial English. 2nd edn.London: Longman.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, Janet, (1980). The phonology and phonetics of English intonation. PhD dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, Janet & Mark, Liberman (1982). Modelling the fundamental frequency of the voice. (Review of Cooper & Sorensen 1981.) Contemporary Psychology 27. 690–692.Google Scholar
Pike, Kenneth, L. (1975). The intonation of American English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Rietveld, A. C. M. (1984). Gradations in pitch accents? In den Broecke, M. P. R. van & Cohen, A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences. Dordrecht: Foris. 574–579.Google Scholar
Rietveld, A. C. M. & Carlos, Gussenhoven (1985). On the relation between pitch excursion size and prominence. JPh 13. 299–308.Google Scholar
Sag, Ivan & Mark, Liberman (1975). The intonational disambiguation of indirect speech acts. CLS II. 487–497.Google Scholar
Schachter, Paul & Victoria, Fromkin (1968). A phonology of Akan: Akuapem, Asante and Fante. UCLA Working Papers in Phonetics 9.Google Scholar
Scott, D. R. (1982). Duration as a cue to the perception of phrase boundary. JASA 71. 996–1007.Google Scholar
Selkirk, E. O. (1980). The role of prosodic categories in English word stress. LI II. 563–605.Google Scholar
Selkirk, E. O. (1984). Phonology and syntax: the relation between sound and structure. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Thorsen, Nina, (1979). Interpreting raw fundamental frequency tracings of Danish. Phonetica 36. 57–78.Google Scholar
Thorsen, Nina, (1984). Intonation and text in Standard Danish. Annual Report, Institute of Phonetics, University of Copenhagen 18. 185–242.Google Scholar
Trager, George, L. & Smith, H. L. (1951). An outline of English structure. Norman, Oklahoma: Battenburg Press.Google Scholar
Trim, J. L. M. (1959). Major and minor tone-groups in English. Le Maître Phonétique 112. 26–29.Google Scholar