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Sustainability First: Evaluating a Digital Training of Trainers Approach for Lay First Responders in a Post-COVID-19 World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 July 2023

Zachary Eisner ,
Nathanael Smith ,
Peter Delaney ,
Aswhin Kulkarni ,
Paschal Achunine ,
Francis Shiada  and
Krishnan Raghavendran
Zachary Eisner
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA LFR International, Los Angeles, USA
Nathanael Smith
Affiliation:
LFR International, Los Angeles, USA Boston Medical Center, Boston, USA
Peter Delaney
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA LFR International, Los Angeles, USA
Aswhin Kulkarni
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA LFR International, Los Angeles, USA
Paschal Achunine
Affiliation:
Health Emergency Initiative, Surulere, Nigeria
Francis Shiada
Affiliation:
Health Emergency Initiative, Surulere, Nigeria
Krishnan Raghavendran
Affiliation:
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract

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Introduction:

Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the largest individual contributor to the global burden of injury and were among the five leading causes of global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2016. In regions with limited emergency medical services, training lay first responders (LFRs) has been shown to increase availability of prehospital care for RTIs, but sustainable mechanisms to scale these programs remain unstudied.

Method:

Using a training of trainers (TOT) model, a six-hour LFR training program was launched in Lagos, Nigeria. The course was taught in a hybrid fashion with primary didactics over Zoom and practical in-person breakout sessions. Thirty TOTs proceeded to train 350 transportation providers as LFRs over one month. A previously validated, 23 question, pre-/post- assessment was administered digitally to assess knowledge acquisition. Participants responded to five-point Likert survey assessing instruction quality and post-course confidence.

Results:

TOTs scored a median of 56.5% (IQR: 43.5%, 71.7%) and 91.3% (IQR: 88.0%, 95.7%) on the pre- and post-assessments, respectively, with bleeding control scores increasing most (+69.4%). Course trainees scored a median of 34.8% (IQR: 26.0%, 43.5%) and 73.9% (IQR: 65.2%, 82.6%) on the pre- and post-assessments, respectively, with airway and breathing increasing most (+48.6%). All score increases were statistically significant with p<0.001 and did not differ by trainer. Participants rated confidence 5/5 (IQR: 5,5) in first aid skills and 5/5 (IQR: 4,5) in emergency transportation, increasing from pre-course confidences of 3/5 (IQR: 3,4) and 4/5 (IQR: 3,5), respectively (p<0.001). Participants rated the quality of education content and TOT instructors to be 5/5 (IQR:5,5).

Conclusion:

This is the first time the efficacy of digital instruction for first responder trainers in LMICs has been investigated and demonstrates knowledge acquisition equivalent to that of prior in-person courses. Future work will examine the cost-effectiveness of the training of LFRs and the effect of LFRs on trauma outcomes.

Type
Lightning and Oral Presentations
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 38 , Supplement S1: 22nd Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine , May 2023 , pp. s17
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine