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Early life adversity predicts an accelerated cellular aging phenotype through early timing of puberty

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2023

Elissa J. Hamlat Open the ORCID record for Elissa J. Hamlat [Opens in a new window] ,
Torsten B. Neilands ,
Barbara Laraia ,
Joshua Zhang ,
Ake T. Lu ,
Jue Lin ,
Steve Horvath  and
Elissa S. Epel
Elissa J. Hamlat*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Torsten B. Neilands
Affiliation:
Division of Prevention Science | Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Barbara Laraia
Affiliation:
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Joshua Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Ake T. Lu
Affiliation:
Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Jue Lin
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Steve Horvath
Affiliation:
Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
Elissa S. Epel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
*
Corresponding author: Elissa J. Hamlat; Email: Elissa.Hamlat@ucsf.edu
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Abstract

Background

The current study examined if early adversity was associated with accelerated biological aging, and if effects were mediated by the timing of puberty.

Methods

In early mid-life, 187 Black and 198 White (Mage = 39.4, s.d.age = 1.2) women reported on early abuse and age at first menstruation (menarche). Women provided saliva and blood to assess epigenetic aging, telomere length, and C-reactive protein. Using structural equation modeling, we created a latent variable of biological aging using epigenetic aging, telomere length, and C-reactive protein as indicators, and a latent variable of early abuse using indicators of abuse/threat events before age 13, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. We estimated the indirect effects of early abuse and of race on accelerated aging through age at menarche. Race was used as a proxy for adversity in the form of systemic racism.

Results

There was an indirect effect of early adversity on accelerated aging through age at menarche (b = 0.19, 95% CI 0.03–0.44), in that women who experienced more adversity were younger at menarche, which was associated with greater accelerated aging. There was also an indirect effect of race on accelerated aging through age at menarche (b = 0.25, 95% CI 0.04–0.52), in that Black women were younger at menarche, which led to greater accelerated aging.

Conclusions

Early abuse and being Black in the USA may both induce a phenotype of accelerated aging. Early adversity may begin to accelerate aging during childhood, in the form of early pubertal timing.

Keywords

agingchild abuseepigenetic clockinflammationpubertytelomeres
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 16 , December 2023 , pp. 7720 - 7728
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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