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Ethnicity and baseline symptomatology in patients with an At Risk Mental State for psychosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2011

E. Velthorst ,
D. H. Nieman ,
W. Veling ,
R. M. Klaassen ,
S. Dragt ,
J. Rietdijk ,
H. Ising ,
L. Wunderink ,
D. H. Linszen  and
L. de Haan
...Show all authors
E. Velthorst*
Affiliation:
Department of Early Psychosis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
D. H. Nieman
Affiliation:
Department of Early Psychosis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
W. Veling
Affiliation:
Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
R. M. Klaassen
Affiliation:
GGZ Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands
S. Dragt
Affiliation:
Department of Early Psychosis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
J. Rietdijk
Affiliation:
VU University and EMGO Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
H. Ising
Affiliation:
Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands
L. Wunderink
Affiliation:
GGZ Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
D. H. Linszen
Affiliation:
Department of Early Psychosis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
L. de Haan
Affiliation:
Department of Early Psychosis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
M. van der Gaag
Affiliation:
Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands VU University and EMGO Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
*
*Address for correspondence: E. Velthorst, M.Sc., Academic Medical Centre, Department of Early Psychosis, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. (Email: e.velthorst@amc.uva.nl)
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Abstract

Background

Ethnicity has been associated with different incidence rates and different symptom profiles in young patients with psychotic-like disorders. No studies so far have examined the effect of ethnicity on symptoms in people with an At Risk Mental State (ARMS).

Method

In this cross-sectional study, we analysed the relationship between ethnicity and baseline data on the severity of psychopathology scores in 201 help-seeking patients who met the ARMS criteria and agreed to participate in the Dutch Early Detection and Intervention (EDIE-NL) trial. Eighty-seven of these patients had a non-Dutch ethnicity. We explored the possible mediating role of ethnic identity.

Results

Higher rates of negative symptoms, and of anhedonia in particular, were found in the ethnic minority group. This result could be attributed mainly to the Moroccan-Dutch and Turkish-Dutch subgroups, who also presented with more depression symptoms when the groups were examined separately. The ethnic minority group displayed a lower level of ethnic group identity compared to the immigrants of the International Comparative Study of Ethnocultural Youth (ICSEY). Ethnic identity was inversely related to symptoms in the Moroccan-Dutch patient group.

Conclusions

The prevalence of more severe negative symptoms and depression symptoms in ethnic minority groups deserves more attention, as the experience of attenuated positive symptoms when accompanied by negative symptoms or distress has proven to be predictive for transition to a first psychotic episode.

Keywords

At Risk Mental Stateethnic identityethnicitypsychosis
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 42 , Issue 2 , February 2012 , pp. 247 - 256
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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