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Shared and distinct white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset schizophrenia and adolescent-onset psychotic bipolar disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2022

Johanna Seitz-Holland Open the ORCID record for Johanna Seitz-Holland [Opens in a new window] ,
Felix L. Nägele Open the ORCID record for Felix L. Nägele [Opens in a new window] ,
Marek Kubicki ,
Ofer Pasternak ,
Kang Ik K. Cho ,
Morgan Hough ,
Christoph Mulert ,
Martha E. Shenton ,
Timothy J. Crow  and
Anthony C. D. James
...Show all authors
Johanna Seitz-Holland*
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Felix L. Nägele
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Marek Kubicki
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Ofer Pasternak
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Kang Ik K. Cho
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Morgan Hough
Affiliation:
SANE POWIC, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK Highfield Unit, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Christoph Mulert
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Neuroimaging Branch, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
Martha E. Shenton
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Timothy J. Crow
Affiliation:
SANE POWIC, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Anthony C. D. James
Affiliation:
SANE POWIC, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK Highfield Unit, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
Amanda E. Lyall
Affiliation:
Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Johanna Seitz-Holland, E-mail: jseitz@bwh.harvard.edu
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Abstract

Background

While adolescent-onset schizophrenia (ADO-SCZ) and adolescent-onset bipolar disorder with psychosis (psychotic ADO-BPD) present a more severe clinical course than their adult forms, their pathophysiology is poorly understood. Here, we study potentially state- and trait-related white matter diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) abnormalities along the adolescent-onset psychosis continuum to address this need.

Methods

Forty-eight individuals with ADO-SCZ (20 female/28 male), 15 individuals with psychotic ADO-BPD (7 female/8 male), and 35 healthy controls (HCs, 18 female/17 male) underwent dMRI and clinical assessments. Maps of extracellular free-water (FW) and fractional anisotropy of cellular tissue (FAT) were compared between individuals with psychosis and HCs using tract-based spatial statistics and FSL's Randomise. FAT and FW values were extracted, averaged across all voxels that demonstrated group differences, and then utilized to test for the influence of age, medication, age of onset, duration of illness, symptom severity, and intelligence.

Results

Individuals with adolescent-onset psychosis exhibited pronounced FW and FAT abnormalities compared to HCs. FAT reductions were spatially more widespread in ADO-SCZ. FW increases, however, were only present in psychotic ADO-BPD. In HCs, but not in individuals with adolescent-onset psychosis, FAT was positively related to age.

Conclusions

We observe evidence for cellular (FAT) and extracellular (FW) white matter abnormalities in adolescent-onset psychosis. Although cellular white matter abnormalities were more prominent in ADO-SCZ, such alterations may reflect a shared trait, i.e. neurodevelopmental pathology, present across the psychosis spectrum. Extracellular abnormalities were evident in psychotic ADO-BPD, potentially indicating a more dynamic, state-dependent brain reaction to psychosis.

Keywords

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imagingearly-onsetfree-waterneurodevelopmentpsychosisTBSS
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 10 , July 2023 , pp. 4707 - 4719
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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Footnotes

*

These authors contributed equally.

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