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Anglican Recognition of Presbyterian Orders: James Cooper and the Precedent of 1610
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2016
Extract
One of the foremost advocates of union between the Anglican and Presbyterian Churches at the beginning of this century was James Cooper, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Glasgow from 1898 to 1922. Cooper was the best-known representative within the Church of Scotland of the Scoto-Catholic or high-church movement which was expressed in the formation of the Scottish Church Society in 1892. One of the ‘special objects’ of the Society was the ‘furtherance of Catholic unity in every way consistent with true loyalty to the Church of Scotland’. The realization of catholic unity led high churchmen to seek what Cooper termed a ‘United Church for the British Empire’ which would include the union of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. This new unity would require a reconciliation of differences and the elimination of diversities: on the one hand an acceptance of bishops by the Scottish Presbyterians; on the other an acceptance of the validity of Presbyterian orders by Episcopalians and Anglicans.
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References
1 The Constitution of the Scottish Church Society IV.21, 22, in Scottish Church Society Conferences, 1st series (Edinburgh, 1894), p. 199. Cf. Douglas M. Murray, ‘The Scottish Church Society, 1892-1914: the High Church Movement in the Church of Scotland’ (Cambridge Ph.D. thesis, 1975).
2 Cooper, James, A United Church for the British Empire (Forres, 1902)Google Scholar. Cf. G. W. Sprott, in Scottish Church Society, Annual Report 1901-2, p. 17.
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7 James Cooper, Church Reunion: the Prospect in Scotland, reprinted from the Irish Church Quarterly, April 1910 (Dublin, 1910), p. 9, Reunion: A Voice from Scotland (London, 1918), pp. 33, 43.
8 Cooper, Church Reunion: the Prospect in Scotland, p. 10; Conference of Bishops of the Anglican Communion 1908 (London, 1908), Resolution 75, p. 65. Cf. Sykes, Norman, Old Priest and New Presbyter (Cambridge, 1956), pp. 221–2.Google Scholar
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13 Archbishop Spottiswoode mentioned Bishop James Montague of Bath and Wells as one of the consecrators, but it would appear that he was unable to attend and that the Bishop of Rochester took his place. See Leonel L. Mitchell, ‘Episcopal ordinations in the Church of Scotland, 1610–1688’, Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 31 (1962), p. 143 n. 1; George R. McMahon, ‘The Scottish Episcopate, 1600-1638’ (Birmingham Ph.D. thesis, 1972), p. 34.
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28 Ball, T. I., ‘The reunion problem: a “Scottish Episcopal” view’, CQR, 68 (1909), p. 370 Google Scholar; Hannan, Thomas, ‘The reunion problem: another Scottish Episcopal view’, CQR, 69 (1910), pp. 316–7 Google Scholar; idem, ‘The Scottish consecrations in London in 1610’, CQR, 71 (1910-11), p. 413. Cf. Beatrice M. Hamilton Thompson, ‘The post-Reformation episcopate in England’, in Kenneth E. Kirk, ed., The Apostolic Ministry (London, 1946), pp. 420-1.
29 ‘The Lambeth Conference’, pp. 20-1; ‘Presbyterianism and Reunion’, CQR, 67 (1909), pp.320-1.
30 Conference of Bishops 1908, p. 65.
31 Ibid., p. 184 n.
32 Ibid., p. 183.
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid., pp. 190-1. G. W. Sprott, The Worship and Offices of the Church of Scotland (Edinburgh and London, 1882), pp. 187-8; R. H. Story, The Apostolic Ministry in the Scottish Church (Edinburgh, 1897), pp. 5, 248.
35 Cooper, Church Reunion: the Prospect in Scotland, pp. 8-9.
36 Wotherspoon, James Cooper, pp. 105-6.
37 Cameron, James K., ed., The First Book of Discipline (Edinburgh, 1972), p. 102.Google Scholar
38 Sprott, Worship and Offices, pp. 196-7; Scottish Church Society, Presbyterian Orders (Edinburgh, 1926), p. 13.
39 Only William McMillan, in The Worship of the Scottish Reformed Church, pp. 343-4, has agreed with this contention. Those who have challenged this view are: Duncan Shaw, ‘The inauguration of ministers in Scotland: 1560-1620’, Records of the Scottish Church History Society, 16 (1969), pp. 35-62; James L. Ainslie, The Doctrines of Ministerial Order in the Reformed Churches of the 16th and 11th Centuries (Edinburgh, 1940), pp. 173-4; and W. D. Maxwell, The Liturgical Portions of the Genevan Service Book (Edinburgh, 1931), p. 171. See also Murray, ‘The Scottish Church Society, 1892-1914’, pp. 208-15.
40 The Scots Confession of 1560, a modern translation by James Bulloch (Edinburgh, 1984), XVIII, p. 16. Cf. Mechie, ‘Episcopacy in post-Reformation Scotland’, pp. 24–5.
41 Donaldson, Gordon, ‘Scottish ordinations in the Restoration period’, ScHR, 33 (1954), p. 170.Google Scholar
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44 Edinburgh, New College Library, Church Service Society Papers, James Cooper to G. W. Sprott, 17 July 1900.
45 Hannan, ‘The Scottish consecrations in 1610’, pp. 404-5, 410.