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The Religious Life in the Spain of Philip II and Philip III

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 March 2016

A.D. Wright
A.D. Wright*
Affiliation:
University of Leeds
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Extract

From the vividly autobiographic Life of St Teresa famous images of conventual life in sixteenth-century Spain have been derived; both the dark impression of unreformed monastic existence and the heroic profile of reformed regulars. Before and after that era the social, not to say political prominence of certain figures, friars and nuns, in Spanish life is notorious, from the reigns of the Catholic Monarchs to that of Philip IV and beyond. Modern historical research has indeed highlighted the contribution to political and ecclesiastical development, to early Catholic reform above all, of key members of the regular clergy under the Catholic Monarchs. For monastics, as opposed to mendicants, in post-medieval Spain, the extensive and meticulous researches of Linage Conde have put all Iberian scholars in his debt. The fascinating origins of the essentially Iberian phenomenon of the Jeronymites have recently received new attention from J.R.L. Highfield, but further insights into the true condition of the religious life in the Iberian peninsula of the supposedly Golden Age are perhaps still possible, when unpublished material is consulted in the Roman archives and in those of Spain, such as Madrid, Simancas, Barcelona and Valencia. Considerations of space necessarily limit what can be suggested here, but the development of monastic life in Counter-Reformation Spain is arguably best considered in its extended not just in its stricter sense: for parallels and contrasts, as well as direct influences, were not confined by the normal distinctions between the eremitic and the monastic, the monastic and the mendicant, the old and the new orders, or even the male and female communities. Furthermore the intervention of Spanish royal authority in Portuguese affairs between 1580 and 1640, not least in ecclesiastical and regular life, provides a useful comparative basis for consideration of truly Iberian conditions.

Type
Research Article
Information
Studies in Church History , Volume 22: Monks, Hermits and the Ascetic Tradition , 1985 , pp. 251 - 274
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1985

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References

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2 J. Deleitoy Piñuela, La vida religiosa española bajo el cuarto Felipe (2 ed Madrid 1963); Q. Pérez, Fray Hernando de Santiago. Predicador del Siglo de Oro (1575-1639) (Madrid 1949).

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7 Archivo General de Simancas [A.G.S.], Patronato Eclesiástico, Legajo 147.

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9 Relatio Vis. Ad Limina, 399A, Illerden. I.

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22 B.N.M., MS 6148, fol 30r, cf. fols 24’ seq; MS13019, fols 81’ seq.

23 A.G.S. Estado (Portugal), Leg. 410.

24 J.I. Tellechea Idígoras, Tiempos Recios. Inquisición y Heterodoxias (Salamanca 1977) pp. 33 seq; cf. Ribadeneyra, Vida de… Loyola p. 113.

25 A.G.S. Patronato Real, Leg. 22 [22-4], for Philip II and seminaries; S. Congr. Cone, Vis. Ad Limina 2 (Avila), for e.g. of mendicants’ contribution to pastoral work.

26 S. Congr. Cone, Vis. Ad Limina, Evora; R. Robres Lluch, San Juan de Ribera(Barcelona 1960) pp. 433 seq; A.G.S. Estado, Sicilia, Leg. 1144, fol 158; Nápoles, Leg. 1881, fol 192; Milan, Leg. 1910, fols 69’ seq.

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29 Visita Ad Limina, 141 (Braga); 193A (Cartagena I); 246A, Compostellan. I; 805A (Toledo I).

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32 A.H.N., Inquisición, Leg. 4511, fol 56’; cf. Visita Ad Limina, 364, Gienen.

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34 B.N.M. MS 13019, fol IIP seq; MS 13044, fols lio’seq; A.C.A., Leg. 651 [55/56];cf. A.H.N., Inquisición, Libro 1280; cf. Ribadeneyra, Vida de… Loyola, p. 163.

35 Visita Ad Limina, 785 A, Tarraconen. I; MA, Barcinonen. I; cf. A.S.V., Spagna, 320 fol 72v.

36 Visita Ad Limina, 370A, Granaten. I; 263 A (Cordoba I); 704A (Salamanca I).

37 B.N.M., MS 6148, fols 103r seq; cf. A.G.S., Patronato Real, Leg. 22 [22-1]; cf.B.N.M., MS 13019, fols 49v seq. Cf. L. Martz, Poverty and Welfare in Habsburg Spain (Cambridge 1983) p. 71.

38 Ribadeneyra, Vida del P. Francisco de Borja [Historias] pp. 655 seq, 692, 723 seq, 735, 740 seq, 744 seq; cf. Tellechea Idígoras, Bartolomé Carranza, Arzobispo. Un prelado evangélico en la Silla de Toledo (San Sebastián 1958) p. 36.

39 A.G.S. Gracia y Justicia, Leg 621; cf. A.H.N., Inquisición, Libro 1280.

40 A.G.S., Leg. 621, fols 66r seq. Cf. Archivo del Reino de Valencia [A.R.V.] Clero: jesuítas, Leg. 89.

41 Visita Ad Limina, 354, Gadinen.; A.G.S., Comisaria de Cruzada, Leg. 516 [22].

42 Tellechea Idígoras, ‘Los jesuitas y la real pragmática de Felipe II de 1559’, Tiempos Recios pp. 268 seq.

43 Visita Ad Limina, 141 (Braga); 311 (Evora); cf. A.G.S., Estado (Portugal), Leg. 410; R. García Cárcel, ‘Trayectoria histórica de la Inquisición valenciana’, in La Inquisición Española. Nueva visión, nuevos horizontes, ed J. Pérez Villanueva (Madrid 1980) pp. 411 seq. Cf. Ribadeneyra, Vida… de Borja pp. 707 seq, 797 seq.

44 A. Domínguez Ortiz, ‘Delitos y Suplicios en la Sevilla Imperial. (La crónica negra de un misionero jesuíta)’, in Crisis y Decadencia de la España de los Austrias (Barcelona 1969) pp. n seq; ‘La Conspiración del Duque de Medina Sidónia y el Marqués de Ayamonte’ ibid., pp. 113 seq; cf. Visita Ad Limina, 378, Guadicen.; A.R.V. jesuítas, Leg. 58.

45 Pastor, L. v., History of the Popes XXIV (London 1933) p. 182. Google Scholar.

46 Visita Ad Limina, 291 (Tortosa); A.S.V. Spagna, 30 fols 387’ seq for question of native ordinations. “

47 Visita Ad Limina, 311 (Evora); 805 A (Toledo I); cf. Ribadeneyra, Vida de… Loyola pp. 271 seq.

48 B.N.M. MS 13019, fols 13r seq; MS 13044, fols 102r seq, 128’ seq; cf. A.S.V.Spagna, 322, fols 84’ seq.

49 B.N.M. MS 5788, fols 98’ seq; J. Alenda y Mira, Relaciones de Solemnidades y Fiestas Públicas de España (Madrid 1903) [I, nos] 516, 522.

50 For activity of royal councils, e.g. A.C.A., Leg. 651; A.G.S., Patronato Real, Leg. 22; for continued involvement of legal tribunals in post-Tridentine Spanish ecclesiastical affairs, as at Valladolid and Granada: Visita Ad Limina, 370A, Granaten. I; Archivo de la R. Cnancillería de Valladolid, Registro, R. Ejecutorias, Sección antigua, Leg. 1063 (Exp. 71), Leg. 1102 (Exp. 71).

51 A.S. V. Spagna, 34, fols 283’ seq; fols 129’ seq for nuns’ destruction of enclosure at Zamora, 1588; cf. Paduan threat, 1575: Archivio di Stato, Venice, Capi del Consiglio dei Dieci, Lettere di Rettori, b. 83, no. 161.

52 Visita Ad Limina, 848A, Valentin. I; cf. A.S.V., Spagna, 322, fol 165’.

53 “Linage Conde, El Monacato pp. 316 seq; cf. pp. 304 seq; Visita Ad Limina, 156, Burgen.; cf. 249A (Cuenca I).

54 A. G. S. Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 621, fols 71’ seq.

55 Visita Ad Limina, 364, Gienen.

56 Visita Ad Limina, 370A, Granateli. I; Linage Conde, El Monacato pp. 222 seq.

57 A.H.N., Inquisición, Libro 1280, fols 641’ seq; Libro 1231, fols 6o8r seq; ci. G. Henningsen, The Witches’ Advocate. Basque Witchcraft and the Spanish Inquisition (1609-1614) (Reno, Nevada 1980); cf. L. Kolakowski, Chrétiens sans Eglise (Paris 1969) p. 498.

58 Visita Ad Limina 848A, Valentin. I; cf. A.C.A., C. Aragon, Leg. 594 [9/2]; B.N.M., MS 6148, fols 24r seq; cf. A.G.S., Patronato Real, Leg. 22 [22-1].

59 Linage Conde, El Monacato pp. 513 seq. Cf. W.A. Christian, Local Religion in Sixteenth-Century Spain (Princeton 1981); B.N.M. MS 5788; cf. MS 13019, fols 9r seq; cf. A.H.N., Inquisición, Leg. 4511.

60 Visita Ad Limina, 848A, Valentin. I; cf. A.H.N., Inquisición, Libro 1280, fols 646r seq.