Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2pzkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-04T01:37:36.469Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

London and the Nation in the Nineteenth Century (The Prothero Lecture)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 February 2009

Francis Sheppard
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The relationship between London and the rest of the nation is an important but perhaps somewhat neglected aspect of English history. In recent years this theme has, it is true, directly or indirectly, engaged the attention of a number of distinguished scholars, but it is still not generally recognised to be as vital an ingredient in the history of this country as is the rôle of Paris in the history of France. Henry James even went so far as to say that ‘all England is in a suburban relation’ to London, and the standpoint of this paper is equally metropolitan. Its theme is that the loss of its normal preeminence which London seemed to sustain in the nineteenth century was in reality short-lived, and more apparent than real.

Type
Research Article
Information
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society , Volume 35 , December 1985 , pp. 51 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Barker, T. C., ‘London and the great leap forward’, The Listener, lxxvii, 29 06 1967, 845–7Google Scholar; Briggs, Asa, Victorian Cities (Penguin edn, 1968)Google Scholar; Dyos, H. J., ‘Greater and Greater London: Notes on Metropolis and Provinces in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries’, in Britain and the Netherlands, ed. Bromley, J. S. and Kossmann, E. S. (vol. iv of Papers delivered to the Anglo-Dutch Historical Conferences, London and The Hague, 1971), 89–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Fisher, F. J., ‘The Development of London as a Centre of Conspicuous Consumption in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4th ser., 30 (1948), 37–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Read, Donald, The English Provinces c. 1760–1960, A Study in Influence (1964)Google Scholar; Wrigley, E. A., ‘London and the great leap forward’, The Listener, lxxvii, 6 07 1967, 7–8Google Scholar, and ‘A Simple Model Of London's Importance in Changing English Society and Economy 1650–1750’, Past & Present, 37 (1967), 44–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

2 James, Henry, English Hours (1905), 34Google Scholar.

3 Bédarida, François, ‘Towns in England and France’, Britain and France, eds Johnson, Douglas, Crouzet, François and Bédarida, François (1980), 228Google Scholar.

4 Fisher, , ‘The Development of the London Food Market, 1540–1640’, Economic History Review, v, (1934–1935), 50–1Google Scholar; ‘London's Export Trade in the Early Seventeenth Century’, Ec. Hist. Rev., 2nd ser, iii (1950), 152Google Scholar; ‘The Development of London as a Centre of Conspicuous Consumption’ etc., 38.

5 Wrigley, , ‘A Simple Model’, 50, 55–9Google Scholar.

6 Barker, 845–7.

7 Dyos, 103.

8 Williams, R. Price, ‘On the Increase of Population in England and Wales’, Journal of the Statistical Society, 43 (1880), 464–89Google Scholar, and ‘The Population of London, 1801–81’, ibid., 48 (1885), 349–440.

9 Shannon, H. A., ‘Migration and the Growth of London, 1841–91’, Economic History Review, v (1934–1935), 79–86Google Scholar.

10 Young, Ken and Garside, Patricia L., Metropolitan London. Politics and Urban Change 1837–1981 (1982), 342Google Scholar; Hall, Peter, Gracey, Harry etc., The Containment of Urban England (2 vols., 1973), I. 64Google Scholar.

11 Webb, Sidney, The London Programme (1891), 2Google Scholar.

12 Smith, H. Llewellyn, ‘Influx of Population’, in Booth, Charles, Life and Labour of the People in London, 1st ser., Poverty, 3 (1902), 75, 130, 143Google Scholar.

13 Lees, Lynn, ‘Metropolitan Types. London and Paris compared’, The Victorian City, eds Dyos, H. J. and Wolff, Michael (2 vols., 1973), I. 421Google Scholar.

14 The London Journal of Flora Tristan 1842, transl. Hawkes, Jean (1982), 16, 18Google Scholar; James, Henry, English Hours (1905), 3, 8, 42, 43Google Scholar.

15 Wallas, Graham, The Life of Francis Place 1771–1854 (1925 edn), 393–4Google Scholar.

16 Doolittle, I. G., The City of London and its Livery Companies (Dorchester, 1982), 6–7Google Scholar.

17 Webb, , London Programme, vGoogle Scholar.

18 Olsen, Donald, ‘Introduction: Victorian London’, in Owen, David, The Government of Victorian London 1855–1889 (Harvard and London, 1982), 2Google Scholar.

19 P.P. 1837, XXV (239)Google Scholar, Second Report on the Municipal Corporations: London and Southwark, 4.

20 Smith, Joshua Toulmin, The Metropolis and Its Municipal Administration (1852), 6Google Scholar.

21 Owen, Government of Victorian London, passim.

22 Hansard, 3rd ser., 138, 14 May 1855, col. 570.

23 Gaskell, S. Martin, Building Control. National Legislation and the Introduction of Local Bye-Laws in Victorian England (1983), 5, 14–15, 18–19, 44–6Google Scholar.

24 The Memoirs of François René Vicomte de Chateaubriand, trans. De Mattos, Alexander Teixeira (6 vols., 1902), IV. 92Google Scholar.

25 Cohen, Emmeline W., The Growth of the British Civil Service 1780–1939 (1941), 23, 164Google Scholar.

26 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edn (1910–1911), XXVI. 525, 554–6Google Scholar.

27 Ibid., XXIII. 108.

28 Ibid., XIX. 547, 550.

29 Ibid., XIX. 560, 564, and XXIII. 107; Read, 248.

30 Southey, Robert, Letters from England (3 vols., 1807), I. 291Google Scholar.

31 Sanderson, Michael, The Universities and British Industry 1850–1970 (1972), 120, 190Google Scholar.

32 SirMaxim, Hiram, My Life (1915), 159–72Google Scholar.

33 Hall, P. G., The Industries of London since 1861 (1962), 21Google Scholar.

34 Summerson, John, The London Building World of the Eighteen-Sixties (1973), 9, 16 17Google Scholar; Survey of London, XLI (1983), 195Google Scholar.

35 Bowley, Marian, The British Building Industry (1966), 335–40Google Scholar.

36 Owen, Douglas, Port of London Authority (1914), 97–8Google Scholar.

37 Checkland, S. G., The Rise of Industrial Society in England 1815–1885 (1964), 203–10Google Scholar.

38 Rubinstein, W. D., Men of Property. The Very Wealthy in Britain since the Industrial Revolution (1981), 61, 102–10Google Scholar.

39 Masterman, C. F. G., ‘Realities at Home’, in The Heart of the Empire. Discussions of Problems of Modern City Life in England … (1901), 48Google Scholar.

40 See Thompson, Paul, Socialists, Liberals and Labour. The Struggle for London 1885–1914 (1967), chap. iiiGoogle Scholar.

41 Doolittle, 107.

42 Hansard, 3rd ser., X, 28 02 1832, 923Google Scholar.

43 Ibid., CLXXXIX, 29 July 1867, 268.

44 Thompson, 93; Read, 194.

45 Barker, T. C. and Robbins, Michael, A History of London Transport (2 vols., 1963–1974), II. 208Google Scholar.

46 Thompson, 69; Pelling, Henry, Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910 (1967), 4Google Scholar.

47 David Owen, 181–92, 256.

48 Webb, , London Programme, 6Google Scholar.

49 Masterman, , ‘Realities at Home’, 3Google Scholar.

50 Thompson, 2, 13, 294.