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Influence of Several Algae on 2,4-D Residues in Water

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

J. P. Valentine  and
S. W. Bingham
J. P. Valentine
Affiliation:
Dep. of Plant Pathol. and Physiol., Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
S. W. Bingham
Affiliation:
Dep. of Plant Pathol. and Physiol., Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Abstract

Removal of [2-14C] 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid] from water was pronounced with Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. and most effective uptake occurred at pH 4.7. Three other algae were relatively ineffective in removal of 2,4-D. Increasing Scenedesmus cell density increased 2,4-D removal, but the amount absorbed was not a linear function of cell density. Similarly, with a range of herbicide concentrations (0.01 to 1.0 ppmw) the amount removed was greatest at the highest concentration; however, a higher percentage of chemical was removed at lower concentrations. An equilibrium of 14C removal from water and 14C released to the water was reached by 4 hr. More herbicide was removed from water by Scenedesmus in darkness than in light and low temperature (2 C) reduced uptake slightly. Relatively high 2,4-D concentrations were required to reduce growth in any of the four algae and Scenedesmus was most sensitive. Scenedesmus metabolized [ring−14C] in 24 hr to several products which were found in suspension fluid and cells. Quantitatively, 3-OH-2,4-D [3-hydroxy-2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was the major metabolite, comprising 26% of the radioactivity extracted from cells compared to 15% from suspension fluid. A smaller amount of 5-OH-2,4-D [(5-hydroxy-2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] was isolated from the suspension fluid and none from the cells.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 22 , Issue 4 , July 1974 , pp. 358 - 363
Copyright
Copyright © 1974 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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