Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-75dct Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-11T11:46:06.198Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Leaching and persistence of herbicides for kudzu (Pueraria montana) control on pine regeneration sites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Yvette C. Berisford ,
Parshall B. Bush  and
John W. Taylor Jr.
Parshall B. Bush
Affiliation:
Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratories, The University of Georgia, 2300 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
John W. Taylor Jr.
Affiliation:
USDA Forest Service, Southern Region, Forest Health Protection, 1720 Peachtree Road NW, Atlanta, GA 30309
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Clopyralid, picloram, triclopyr, metsulfuron, and tebuthiuron were applied to control kudzu on four loblolly pine forest regeneration sites during July 1997. Spot treatments were applied to recovering kudzu in June 1998 and June 1999. Soil leachate was monitored for these five herbicides from July 1997 to December 2000. All herbicides were detected in shallow (51–58 cm deep) and deep lysimeters (84–109 cm deep). Clopyralid was not persistent and limited leaching occurred, with residue levels of 0.4 to 2.8 μg L−1 in 12 of 102 deep lysimeter samples. Picloram was mobile and persisted at 0.6 to 2.5 μg L−1 in shallow and deep lysimeters for at least 10 mo after the initial application. Triclopyr residues were not persistent in shallow lysimeters and remained < 6 μg L−1 during the study. Metsulfuron persisted at < 0.1 μg L−1 for 182 to 353 d in shallow lysimeters and at < 0.07 μg L−1 for 182 to 300 d in the deep lysimeters in various plots. Tebuthiuron peaks in the deep lysimeters ranged from 69 to 734 μg L−1 34 to 77 d after the first spot treatment. In the soil that was essentially a fill area, tebuthiuron residues remained > 400 μg L−1 (402–1,660 μg L−1) in the shallow lysimeter samples and > 180 μg L−1 (181–734 μg L−1) in the deep lysimeters throughout a 354-d period that followed the first spot application. When used as part of a forest regeneration program, the relative potentials of the herbicides to move into shallow groundwater were: tebuthiuron > picloram > metsulfuron > clopyralid > triclopyr.

Keywords

Clopyralidmetsulfuronpicloramtebuthiurontriclopyrkudzu, Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. PUEMOloblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. PINTAGroundwater contaminationherbicide dissipationlysimeter
Type
Soil, Air, & Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , April 2006 , pp. 391 - 400
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Berger, B. M. and Wolfe, N. L. 1996. Hydrolysis and biodegradation of sulfonylurea herbicides in aqueous buffers and anaerobic water–sediment systems: assessing fate pathways using molecular descriptors. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 15:1500–1507.Google Scholar
Beyer, E. M., Duffy, M. J., Hay, J. V., and Schlueter, D. D. 1988. Sulfonylurea herbicides. Pages 118–189 in Kearney, P. C. and Kaufman, D. D. eds. Herbicides: Chemistry, Degradation, and Mode of Action. Volume 3. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Chang, S. S. and Stritzke, J. F. 1977. Sorption, movement, and dissipation of tebuthiuron in soils. Weed Sci 25:184–187.Google Scholar
Code of Federal Regulations. 1985. Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit. 40 CFR Ch. 1, Pt. 136, App. B. Pp. 504–506.Google Scholar
Code of Federal Regulations. 1989. Good Laboratory Practice Standards. 40 CFR Part 160. Federal Register 54 (August 17, 1989). Pp. 34052–34704.Google Scholar
Deubert, K. H. and Corte-Real, I. 1986. Soil residues of picloram and triclopyr after selective foliar application on utility rights-of-way. J. Arboric 12:269–272.Google Scholar
Edwards, M. B. and Gonzales, F. E. 1986. Forestry herbicide control of kudzu and Japanese honeysuckle in loblolly pine stands in central Georgia. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 39:272–275.Google Scholar
Extoxnet 2001. Pesticide Information Profiles. Metsulfuron-Methyl Extoxnet (Extension Toxicology Network housed and maintained at Oregon State University). http://ace.ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/pips/metsulfu.html.Google Scholar
Ganapathy, C. 1997. Environmental Fate of Triclopyr. Massachusetts Department of Food and Agriculture. Report. Pp. 1–18. http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/empm/pubs/fatememo/triclopyr.pdf.Google Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley. 680 p.Google Scholar
Harrington, T. B., Rader, L. T., and Taylor, J. W. Jr. 2003. Kudzu (Pueraria montana) community responses to herbicides, burning, and high-density loblolly pine. Weed Sci 51:965–974.Google Scholar
Hemmamda, S., Calmon, M., and Calmon, J. P. 1994. Kinetics and hydrolysis mechanisms of chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron methyl. Pestic. Sci 40:71–76.Google Scholar
Johnson, W. G., Lavy, T. L., and Gbur, E. E. 1995. Sorption, mobility, and degradation of triclopyr and 2,4-D on four soils. Weed Sci 43:678–684.Google Scholar
Kay, S. H. and Yelverton, F. H. 1998. Dormant season herbicide treatments for kudzu control. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 51:190–191.Google Scholar
Koskinen, W. C., Stone, D. M., and Harris, A. R. 1996. Sorption of hexazinone, sulfometuron methyl, and tebuthiuron on acid, low base saturated sands. Chemosphere 32:1681–1689.Google Scholar
Lee, C. H., Oloffs, P. C., and Szeto, S. Y. 1986. Persistence, degradation, and movement of triclopyr and its ethylene glycol butyl ether ester in a forest soil. J. Agric. Food Chem 34:1075–1079.Google Scholar
Mayer, F. L. Jr. and Ellersieck, M. R. 1986. Manual of Acute Toxicity: Invertebrates and Data Base for 410 Chemicals and 66 Species of Freshwater Animals. Washington, DC: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publ. 160. 506 p.Google Scholar
Miller, J. H. 1986. Kudzu eradication trials testing fifteen herbicides. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 39:276–281.Google Scholar
Miller, J. H. 1996. Kudzu eradication and management. Pages 34–40 in Hoots, D. and Baldwin, J. eds. Kudzu: The Vine to Love or Hate. Kodak, TN: Suntop Press.Google Scholar
Miller, J. H. and Edwards, B. 1983. Kudzu: Where did it come from? And how can we stop it? South. J. Appl. For 7:165–169.Google Scholar
Miller, J. H. and True, R. E. 1986. Herbicide Tests for Kudzu Eradication. Macon, GA: GA For. Res. Paper 65. 10 p.Google Scholar
Mullison, W. R. 1985. A toxicological and environmental review of picloram. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci 38:21–92.Google Scholar
Neary, D. G., Bush, P. B., McMahon, C. K., Cantrell, R. L., and Taylor, J. W. 1988. Persistence of nine forest pesticides in the surface horizon of a typic quartzipsamment soil of the Ocala National Forest. Proc. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla 47:127–134.Google Scholar
Neary, D. G., Bush, P. B., and Michaels, J. L. 1993. Fate, dissipation, and environmental effects of pesticides in southern forests: a review of a decade of research progress. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 12:411–428.Google Scholar
Norris, L. A., Montgomery, M. L., and Warren, L. E. 1987. Triclopyr persistence in western Oregon hill pastures. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 39:134–141.Google Scholar
Pik, A. J., Peake, E., Strosher, M. T., and Hodgson, G. W. 1977. Fate of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid in soils. J. Agric. Food Chem 25:1054–61.Google Scholar
Pons, N. and Barriuso, E. 1998. Fate of metsulfuron methyl in soils in relation to pedo-climatic conditions. Pestic. Sci 53:311–323.Google Scholar
Pusino, A., Liu, W., and Gessa, C. 1994. Adsorption of triclopyr on soil and some of its components. J. Agric. Food Chem 42:1025–1029.Google Scholar
Rubin, L. 1999a. Selected Commercial Formulations of Triclopyr—Garlon 3A and Garlon 4, Risk Assessment—Final Report. Prepared for USDA, Forest Service. Fayetteville, NY: Syracuse Environmental Research Associates document SERA TR 95-22-02-02a. 163 p.Google Scholar
Rubin, L. 1999b. Clopyralid (Transline)—Final Report. Prepared for USDA, Forest Service. Fayetteville, NY: Syracuse Environmental Research Associates document SERA TR 99-21-11/12-01d. 236 p.Google Scholar
Rubin, L. 1999c. Picloram (Tordon K and Tordon 22K)—Final Report. Prepared for USDA, Forest Service. Fayetteville, NY: Syracuse Environmental Research Associates document SERA TR 99-21-15-01e. 222 p.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1989. SAS/Stat User's Guide. Version 6, Volume 2, 4th ed. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1028 p.Google Scholar
Sheets, T. J. 1991. Comparative effects of soil-applied dicamba and picloram on flue-cured tobacco. N.C. Agricultural Research Service Technical Bull. 295. 26 p.Google Scholar
Smith, A. E. and Aubin, A. J. 1989. Persistence studies with the herbicide clopyralid in prairie soils at different temperatures. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 42:670–75.Google Scholar
Stephenson, G. R., Solomon, K. R., Bowhey, C. S., and Liber, K. 1990. Persistence, leachability, and lateral movement of triclopyr (Garlon) in selected Canadian forestry soils. J. Agric. Food Chem 36:584–588.Google Scholar
Strategic Diagnostics Incorporated. 1998. Rapid Assays: Triclopyr. Immunoassay Method Instruction Sheet. Newark, DE: Strategic Diagnostics.Google Scholar
[USDA-FS] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1984a. Pesticide Background Statements. Volume 1. Herbicides. Picloram. Agriculture Handbook 633. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Pp. P1–P87.Google Scholar
[USDA-FS] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1984b. Pesticide Background Statements. Volume 1. Herbicides. Triclopyr. Agriculture Handbook 633. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. Pp. T1–T62.Google Scholar
[USDA-FS] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1986. Pesticide Background Statements. Volume 1. Herbicides (Supplement): Tebuthiuron. Agriculture Handbook 633. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 88 p.Google Scholar
[USDA-FS] U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2001. Triclopyr. Herbicide Information Profile. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. January 8, 2001. 22 p.Google Scholar
[USEPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1995. Reregistraton eligibility decision (RED): Picloram. Prevention, Pesticides, & Toxic Substances (7508W). EPA 738-R95-019. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Pp. 9 and 53–55.Google Scholar
[USEPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Registration Eligibility Decision (RED)-Triclopyr. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA 738-R-98-011, October 1998. 285 p.Google Scholar
[USEPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2002. 2002 Edition of Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories. Washington, DC: Office of Water EPA 822-R-02-038.Google Scholar
[USEPA] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2004. Picloram. http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0256.htm.Google Scholar
Walker, A., Cotterill, E. G., and Welch, S. J. 1989. Adsorption and degradation of chlorsulfuron and methsulfuron methyl in soils from different depths. Weed Res 29:281–287.Google Scholar
Walker, A. and Welch, S. J. 1989. The relative movement and persistence in soil of chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, and triasulfuron. Weed Res 29:375–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wauchope, R. D., Hornsby, A. G., Gross, D. W., and Burt, J. P. 1991. SCS/ARS/CES pesticide properties database: A set of parameter valued for first-tier comparative water pollution risk analysis. Pages 455–470 in Weigmann, D. L. ed. Pesticides in the Next Decade: The Challenges Ahead. Proceedings, 3rd National Research Conference on Pesticides. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Water Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, November 8–9, 1990.Google Scholar