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Seed biology of alkali barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis) and junglerice (Echinochloa colona) for improved management in direct-seeded rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2023

Zichang Zhang Open the ORCID record for Zichang Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Hongchun Wang Open the ORCID record for Hongchun Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Jingjing Cao Open the ORCID record for Jingjing Cao [Opens in a new window] ,
Gui Li Open the ORCID record for Gui Li [Opens in a new window]  and
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan Open the ORCID record for Bhagirath Singh Chauhan [Opens in a new window]
Zichang Zhang*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, P. R. China
Hongchun Wang
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, P. R. China
Jingjing Cao
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, P. R. China
Gui Li
Affiliation:
Professor, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, P. R. China
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Professor, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
*
Authors for correspondence: Zichang Zhang, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street Xuanwu District Nanjing 210014, P.R. China. (Email: zichangzhang2009@163.com); Bhagirath Singh Chauhan, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia. (Email: b.chauhan@uq.edu.au)
Authors for correspondence: Zichang Zhang, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street Xuanwu District Nanjing 210014, P.R. China. (Email: zichangzhang2009@163.com); Bhagirath Singh Chauhan, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia. (Email: b.chauhan@uq.edu.au)
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Abstract

Alkali barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli var. zelayensis (Kunth) Hitchc] and junglerice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] are problematic annual weeds in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields in China. The emergence ecology of the two weed species may differ in response to environmental factors. Laboratory and screenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of light, burial depth, mulching with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue, and time and depth of flooding on the emergence of the two weed species collected from Nanjing, China. Light strongly increased seed germination. Under dark conditions, E. crus-galli seed germination (85%) was higher than that of E. colona (70%). The seeds of both species exhibited the greatest germination (90% for E. crus-galli and 80% for E. colona) when sown on the soil surface, and emergence decreased with increasing soil burial depth. Burial depths of 2.2 and 1.4 cm reduced seedling emergence by 50% for E. crus-galli and E. colona, respectively. No emergence was found at a depth of 6 cm. The seedling emergence for E. colona was lower than for E. crus-galli at the same soil burial depth. Mulching with wheat residue considerably reduced the seedling emergence and aboveground biomass of both species. The inhibitory effect of mulching with wheat residue on E. colona was more notable than on E. crus-galli. Early and deep flooding significantly suppressed the emergence, height, and biomass of E. crus-galli and E. colona, especially E. colona. The results gained from this study could provide fundamental ecological knowledge for managing Echinochloa species in direct-seeded rice systems.

Keywords

Floodinglightmulchseed emergencesoil burial depthwheat residue
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 71 , Issue 2 , March 2023 , pp. 112 - 123
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Carlene Chase, University of Florida

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