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Target-site and metabolic mechanisms of tolerance to penoxsulam in pond lovegrass (Eragrostis japonica)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2022

Ying Liu
Affiliation:
Master-Postgraduate, Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Hao Wang
Affiliation:
Doctor-Postgraduate, Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Jiapeng Fang
Affiliation:
Doctor-Postgraduate, Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Haitao Gao
Affiliation:
Doctor-Postgraduate, Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Jinyi Chen
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Zhen Peng
Affiliation:
Researcher, Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Shanghai, China
Liyao Dong*
Affiliation:
Professor, Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
*
Author for correspondence: Liyao Dong, Nanjing Agricultural University, College of Plant Protection, 1 Wei Gang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 210095. Email: dly@njau.edu.cn

Abstract

The identification of herbicide tolerance is essential for effective chemical weed control. According to whole-plant dose–response assays, none of 29 pond lovegrass [Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin.] populations were sensitive to penoxsulam. The effective dose values of penoxsulam causing 50% inhibition of fresh weight (GR50: 105.14 to 148.78 g ai ha−1) in E. japonica populations were much higher than the label rate of penoxsulam (15 to 30 g ai ha−1) in the field. This confirmed that E. japonica was tolerant to penoxsulam. Eragrostis japonica populations showed 52.83- to 74.76-fold higher tolerance to penoxsulam than susceptible barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.]. The mechanisms of tolerance to penoxsulam in E. japonica were also identified. In vitro activity assays revealed that the penoxsulam concentration required to inhibit 50% of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity (IC50) was 12.27-fold higher in E. japonica than in E. crus-galli. However, differences in the ALS gene, previously found to endow target-site resistance in weeds, were not detected in the sequences obtained. Additionally, the expression level of genes encoding ALS in E. japonica was approximately 2-fold higher than in E. crus-galli after penoxsulam treatment. Furthermore, penoxsulam tolerance can be significantly reversed by three cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CytP450) inhibitors (1-aminobenzotriazole, piperonyl butoxide, and malathion), and the activity of NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase toward penoxsulam in E. japonica increased significantly (approximately 7-fold higher) compared with that of treated E. crus-galli. Taken together, these results indicate that lower ALS sensitivity, relatively higher ALS expression levels, and stronger metabolism of CytP450s combined to bring about penoxsulam tolerance in E. japonica.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Mithila Jugulam, Kansas State University

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