Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-x5gtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T22:51:08.367Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tillage Effects on Seed Distribution and Common Milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) Establishment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Joseph P. Yenish ,
Thomas A. Fry ,
Beverly R. Durgan  and
Donald L. Wyse
Joseph P. Yenish
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Thomas A. Fry
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Beverly R. Durgan
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Donald L. Wyse
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Soil profile distribution of a single simulated seed dispersal event after tillage followed a nonlinear model. Approximately 40% of recovered simulated seed were found within 4 cm of the surface following chisel plowing and disking, and density declined steadily with depth to 20 cm. Moldboard plowing placed 50 to 60% of simulated seed to a depth of 11 to 16 cm. Simulated seed were evenly distributed to 8 cm depth by disking and did not differ regardless of whether plots were chisel or moldboard plowed prior to seed dispersal. More than 90% of seed remained within 2 cm of the surface with no-tillage. Simulated seed distribution was the same after a tillage rotation of chisel plowing, disking, moldboard plowing, and disking regardless if the dispersal event occurred prior to chisel or moldboard plowing. Two years of the tillage rotation and two dispersal events resulted in a distribution pattern greatly influenced by the most recent major tillage of chisel or moldboard plowing. Seedling emergence of common milkweed averaged 80% for seed buried 0.5 to 4 cm deep and emergence was negligible for seed on the surface or buried 7 cm in soil in pots in a growth chamber.

Keywords

Common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L. ♯ ASCSYConservation tillageseedling emergenceperennial weeds
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 44 , Issue 4 , December 1996 , pp. 815 - 820
Copyright
Copyright © 1996 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1977. Germination of common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) seeds. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 104: 167–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Bhowmik, P. C. 1978. Germination, growth and development of common milkweed. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 58: 493–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Bhowmik, P. C. and Bandeen, J. D. 1976. The biology of Canadian weeds. 19. Asclepias syriaca L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 56: 579–589.Google Scholar
4. Buhler, D. D. and Mester, T. C. 1991. Effect of tillage systems on the emergence depth of giant (Setaria faberi) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci. 39: 200–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Burnside, O. C., Fenster, C. R., Evetts, L. L., and Mumm, R. F. 1981. Germination of exhumed weed seed in Nebraska. Weed Sci. 29: 577–586.Google Scholar
6. Burnside, O. C., Wilson, R. G., Weisberg, S., and Hubbard, K. G. 1996. Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in eastern and western Nebraska. Weed Sci. (in press).Google Scholar
7. Cardina, J., Regnier, E., and Harrison, K. 1991. Long term tillage effect on seed banks in three Ohio soils. Weed Sci. 39: 186–194.Google Scholar
8. Cavers, P. B. 1983. Seed demography. Can. J. Bot. 61: 3578–3590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Cousens, R. and Moss, S. R. 1990. A model of the effects of cultivation on the vertical distribution of weed seeds within the soil. Weed Res. 30: 61–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Egley, G. H. and Williams, R. D. 1990. Decline of weed seeds and seedling emergence over five years as affected by soil disturbances. Weed Sci. 38: 504–510.Google Scholar
11. Evetts, L. L. and Burnside, O. C. 1972. Germination and seedling development of common milkweed and other species. Weed Sci. 20: 371–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Evetts, L. L. and Burnside, O. C. 1974. Root distribution and vegetative propagation of Asclepias syriaca L. Weed Res. 14: 283–288.Google Scholar
13. Farmer, J. M., Price, S. C., and Bell, C. R. 1986. Population, temperature, and substrate influences on common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) seed germination. Weed Sci. 34: 525–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Fay, P. K. and Olson, W.A. 1978. Technique for separating weed seed from soil. Weed Sci. 26: 530–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Froud-Williams, R. J., Chancellor, R. J., and Drennen, D.S.H. 1981. Potential changes in weed flora associated with reduced-cultivations systems in cereal production in temperate regions. Weed Res. 21: 99–109.Google Scholar
16. Gephardt, M. R., Daniel, T. C., Schweizer, E. E., and Allmaras, R. R. 1985. Conservation Tillage. Science 230: 625–630.Google Scholar
17. Grant, R. F., Izaurralde, R. C., and Chanasyk, D. S. 1990. Soil temperature under conventional and minimum tillage: simulation and experimental verification. Can. J. Soil Sci. 70: 289–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
19. Jeffery, L. S. and Robison, L. R. 1971. Growth characteristics of common milkweed. Weed Sci. 19: 193–196.Google Scholar
20. Klinkhammer, P. G. L., De Jong, T. J., and Van Der Meijden, E. 1988. Production, dispersal and predation of seeds in the biennial Cirsium vulgare . J. Ecol. 76: 403–414.Google Scholar
21. Matlack, G. R. 1987. Diaspore size, shape, and fall behavior in wind-dispersed plant species. Amer. J. Bot. 74(8): 1150–1160.Google Scholar
22. Morse, D. H. and Schmitt, J. 1985. Propagule size, dispersal ability, and seedling performance in Asclepias syriaca . Oceologia. 67: 372–379.Google Scholar
23. Oegema, T. and Fletcher, R. A. 1972. Factors that influence dormancy in milkweed seeds. Can. J. Bot. 50: 713–718.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24. Pareja, M. R., Staniforth, D. W., and Pareja, G. P. 1985. Distribution of weed seed among soil structural units. WeedSci. 33: 182–189.Google Scholar
25. Pikul, J. L., Allmaras, R. R., and Fischbacher, G. E. 1979. Incremental soil sampler for use in summer fallowed soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 43: 425–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Roberts, H. A. 1963. Studies on the weeds of vegetable crops. III. Effect of different primary cultivation on the weed seeds in the soil. J. Ecol. 51: 83–95.Google Scholar
27. Roberts, H. A. and Stokes, F. G. 1965. Studies on the weeds of vegetable crops. V. Final observations on an experiment with different primary cultivations, J. Appl. Ecol. 2: 307–315.Google Scholar
28. Simpson, R. L., Leck, M. A., and Parker, V. T. 1989. Seed banks: General concepts and methodological issues. Pages 3–8 in Ecology of Soil Seed Banks, Leck, M. A., Parker, V. T., and Simpson, R. L., eds. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Staricka, J. A., Buford, P. M., Allmaras, R. R., and Nelson, W. W. 1990. Tracing the vertical distribution of simulated shattered seeds as related to tillage. Agron. J. 82: 1131–1134.Google Scholar
30. Staricka, J. A., Allmaras, R. R., and Nelson, W. W. 1991. Spatial variation of crop residue incorporated bytillage. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55: 1688–1674.Google Scholar
31. Staricka, J. A., Allmaras, R. R., Linden, D. R., and Nelson, W. W. 1991. A spatial pattern of tillage influences on agrichemical movement in macroporous pathways. Proc. Nat. Symp. on Preferential Flow. Chicago, IL. p. 338–346.Google Scholar
32. Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40: 429–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar