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Effect of Alternaria cassiae, Pseudocercospora nigricans, and Soybean (Glycine max) Planting Density on the Biological Control of Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Robinson A. Pitelli ,
R. Charudattan  and
James T. Devalerio
Robinson A. Pitelli
Affiliation:
Sao Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
R. Charudattan
Affiliation:
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
James T. Devalerio
Affiliation:
University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
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Abstract

The interactions of two fungal biocontrol agents, Alternaria cassiae and Pseudocercospora nigricans, and soybean planting density on sicklepod mortality and dry weight were studied in the field over 2 yr. The experimental field was divided into three equal areas: one without soybean and two where the soybean was sown in densities of 20 and 36 seeds per meter row with a 0.95-m row spacing. The fungi were sprayed alone or in a mixture at three growth stages of sicklepod plants grown at three levels of crop interference resulting from the three soybean planting densities. The fungal treatments were: an untreated control, A. cassiae (105 spores/m2), P. nigricans (3.3 g mycelium/m2), and the mixture of these two fungi. Sicklepod was at the cotyledonary leaf, two-leaf, and four-leaf stages when treated. Alternaria cassiae was most effective in reducing both sicklepod survival and dry weight. The mixture of P. nigricans and A. cassiae was generally comparable to but not better than A. cassiae alone in killing the weed (mortality) and reducing its growth (dry weight). Soybean density did not have significant effects on the mortality or the dry weight of sicklepod. Thus, there is no advantage to combining the highly effective biocontrol agent A. cassiae with the less effective P. nigricans or with soybean interference to control sicklepod. However, the results validate the efficacy of A. cassiae by itself as a bioherbicide.

Keywords

Sicklepod, Senna obtusifolia (L.) Irwin and Barneby # CASOBsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Jupiter’Alternaria cassiae Jurair and KhanPseudocercospora nigricans (Cooke) DeightonBiocontrolbioherbicidecompetitionintegrated weed managementCassia obtusifolia
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , March 1998 , pp. 37 - 40
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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