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Effect of Row Spacing, Seeding Rate, and Herbicide Program in Glufosinate-Resistant Soybean on Palmer Amaranth Management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Holden D. Bell ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Robert C. Scott  and
Michael Popp
Holden D. Bell*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Robert C. Scott
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 357, Lonoke, AR 72086
Michael Popp
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, AGRI217, Fayetteville, AR 72701
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: holdendbell@gmail.com.
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Abstract

A field experiment was conducted in Fayetteville, AR, in 2012 and 2013 to determine the influence of soybean row spacing, seeding rate, and herbicide program in glufosinate-resistant soybean on Palmer amaranth control, survival, and seed production; soybean groundcover and grain yield; and economic returns. Soybean groundcover was > 80% by 85 d after soybean planting (DAP) for all row spacing and seeding rates in 2012 and in 2013 all soybean row spacings and soybean seeding rates had achieved > 90% groundcover by 50 DAP. Difference in groundcover between years was due to lack of precipitation in 2012. Palmer amaranth control at 21 DAP was 99 to 100% for both years when a PRE application of S-metolachlor plus metribuzin was made at planting. At 42 DAP, Palmer amaranth control following PRE-applied S-metolachlor plus metribuzin was ≥ 98 and ≥ 88% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. When relying on a POST-only herbicide program initiated at 21 DAP, Palmer amaranth control ranged from 52 to 84% across row spacings at 42 DAP. At soybean harvest, Palmer amaranth control was ≥ 95% in 2012 and ≥ 86% in 2013 regardless of row spacing or seeding rate when S-metolachlor plus metribuzin was applied at planting. Conversely, total-POST programs had no more than 50 and 85% Palmer amaranth control in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In both years, Palmer amaranth density and seed production at soybean harvest were generally lower in the PRE herbicide programs compared to POST-only programs. Use of a PRE herbicide at planting also improved soybean grain yield and economic returns over programs that relied on a POST-only program. Overall, the impacst of soybean row spacing and seeding rate on Palmer amaranth control, density, or seed production were less apparent than the influence of herbicide programs.

Se realizó un experimento en Fayetteville, Arkansas, en 2012 y 2013, para determinar la influencia de la distancia entre hileras de siembra de la soja y el programa de herbicidas en soja resistente a glufosinate sobre el control, la supervivencia, y la producción de semilla de Amaranthus palmeri, la cobertura del suelo y el rendimiento de grano de la soja, y la rentabilidad económica. La cobertura del suelo de la soja fue > 80% a 85 d después de la siembra (DAP) para todas las distancias entre hileras y densidades de siembra en 2012, y en 2013, todas las distancias entre hileras y densidades de siembra de la soja habían alcanzado > 90% de cobertura del suelo a 50 DAP. La diferencia en cobertura de suelo entre los años se debió a falta de lluvia en 2012. El control de A. palmeri a 21 DAP fue 99 a 100% para ambos años cuando se realizó una aplicación PRE de S-metolachlor más metribuzin al momento de la siembra. A 42 DAP, el control de A. palmeri después de aplicaciones PRE de S-metolachlor más metribuzin fue ≥ 98 y ≥ 88% en 2012 y 2013, respectivamente. Cuando se dependió de programas de herbicidas con solamente aplicaciones POST iniciadas 21 DAP, el control de A. palmeri varió de 52 a 84% en las diferentes distancias entre hileras a 42 DAP. Al momento de la cosecha de la soja, el control de A. palmeri fue ≥ 95% en 2012 y ≥ 86% en 2013 sin importar la distancia entre hileras o la densidad de siembra cuando se aplicó S-metolachlor más metribuzin al momento de la siembra. En cambio, los programas totalmente POST no tuvieron más de 50 y 85% de control de A. palmeri, en 2012 y 2013, respectivamente. En ambos años, la densidad y producción de semilla de A. palmeri al momento de la cosecha de la soja, fueron generalmente menores en los programas con herbicidas PRE, al compararse con los programas con sólo herbicidas POST. El uso de herbicidas PRE al momento de la siembra también mejoró los rendimientos de grano de la soja y la rentabilidad económica por encima de los programas con sólo herbicidas POST. En general, el impacto de la distancia entre hileras y la densidad de siembra de la soja sobre el control, densidad, o producción de semilla de A. palmeri fue menos aparente que la influencia del programa de herbicidas.

Keywords

MetribuzinS-metolachlorPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. AMAPAsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr.Glufosinate-resistantpostemergence-onlypreemergenceresidualrow spacingseeding rate
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 390 - 404
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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