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Mitigation Practices to Effectively Overseed into Indaziflam-Treated Turfgrass Areas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew D. Jeffries ,
Travis W. Gannon ,
James T. Brosnan  and
Gregory K. Breeden
Matthew D. Jeffries*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
Travis W. Gannon
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
James T. Brosnan
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
Gregory K. Breeden
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: mdjeffri@ncsu.edu.
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Abstract

Indaziflam is a PRE herbicide for annual broadleaf and grass control in turfgrass systems and requires a 40-wk minimum interval between application and overseeding perennial ryegrass. Currently, activated-charcoal application is recommended to reduce that interval; however, preliminary evaluations determined activated charcoal alone was not a robust mitigation practice for successful establishment during perennial ryegrass overseeding. Field research was conducted in North Carolina and Tennessee to evaluate various mitigation practices to effectively overseed perennial ryegrass into indaziflam-treated turfgrass areas. Immediately following indaziflam application (53 g ai ha−1), two scenarios were created by delivering 0 or 0.3 cm H2O before mitigation practice. Irrigated plots were air-dried before conducting mitigation practices. Evaluated mitigation practices included scalping (0.6 cm cut height; debris removed), verticutting (1.25 cm depth; debris removed), and activated-charcoal application (167 kg ha−1 applied as an aqueous slurry in 3,180 L ha−1), evaluated individually and in each two-way combination in the order scalp followed by (fb) activated charcoal, scalp fb verticut, or verticut fb activated charcoal. Twenty-four hours after mitigation practice completion, perennial ryegrass was seeded (976 kg ha−1) and maintained as a golf course fairway. Overall, perennial ryegrass cover was reduced ≥ 93% at 8 and 20 wk after treatment (WAT) when no mitigation practices were performed. Stand-alone mitigation practices variably improved perennial ryegrass establishment; however, no practice provided acceptable results for end users. Combining mitigation practices improved overseeding establishment, most notably by adding activated charcoal application or verticutting to scalping before irrigation. Across experimental runs and locations, scalp fb activated-charcoal application before irrigation reduced perennial ryegrass cover 22 to 27% at 20 WAT. Results from this research suggest mitigation practices in addition to the currently recommended activated-charcoal application should be performed by turfgrass managers to improve perennial ryegrass overseeding establishment in indaziflam-treated turfgrass areas.

Indaziflam es un herbicida PRE para el control de gramíneas anuales en sistemas de céspedes y que requiere un intervalo mínimo de 40 semanas entre la aplicación y la siembra de Lolium perenne sobre césped bermuda establecido. Actualmente, la aplicación de carbón activado está recomendada para reducir este intervalo; sin embargo, evaluaciones preliminares permitieron determinar que el carbón activado solo no fue una práctica robusta para el establecimiento exitoso durante la siembra de L. perenne sobre césped establecido. Se realizó una investigación de campo en North Carolina y Tennessee para evaluar varias práctica de mitigación, para poder sembrar efectivamente L. perenne en áreas de césped tratadas con indaziflam. Inmediatamente después de la aplicación de indaziflam (53 g ai ha−1), se crearon dos escenarios aplicando 0 ó 0.3 cm H2O antes de la práctica de mitigación. Las parcelas irrigadas se dejaron secar al aire antes de realizar las prácticas de mitigación. Las prácticas de mitigación evaluadas incluyeron la remoción de la mayoría del tejido foliar (scalp; corte a 0.6 cm de altura y remoción de residuos), corte vertical (verticut; corte a 1.25 cm de profundidad y remoción de residuos), y la aplicación de carbón activado (167 kg ha−1 aplicado como una suspensión acuosa en 3,180 L ha−1), evaluados individualmente y en cada una de las posibles combinaciones en pares, en el orden de scalp seguido por (fb) carbón activado, scalp fb verticut, o verticut fb carbón activado. Veinticuatro horas después de terminar la práctica de mitigación, se sembró L. perenne (976 kg ha−1) y el área se mantuvo como fairway de un campo de golf. En general, la cobertura de L. perenne se redujo ≥93% entre 8 y 20 semanas después del tratamiento (WAT) cuando no había práctica de mitigación. Las prácticas de mitigación consideradas en forma independiente, mejoraron el establecimiento de L. perenne en forma variable. Sin embargo, ninguna práctica brindó resultados aceptables para los usuarios finales. El combinar las prácticas de mitigación mejoró el establecimiento de L. perenne, y esto fue más notable al agregar la aplicación de carbón activado o verticut a áreas con scalp antes del riego. Al analizar en forma conjunta las corridas experimentales y las localidades, scalp fb carbón activado antes del riego redujo la cobertura de L. perenne 22 a 27% a 20 WAT. Los resultados de esta investigación sugieren que las prácticas de mitigación, además de las aplicaciones de carbón activado, actualmente recomendadas, deberían ser implementadas por profesionales de manejo de césped para mejorar el proceso de establecimiento en áreas de césped tratadas con indaziflam.

Keywords

Indaziflambermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.hybrid bermudagrass × African dogstooth grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) × Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt Davyperennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.Activated charcoalbest management practicepesticide remediationscalpverticut
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2016 , pp. 154 - 162
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Scott McElroy, Auburn University.

References

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