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Performance of Postemergence Herbicides Applied at Different Carrier Volume Rates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Cody F. Creech ,
Ryan S. Henry ,
Rafael Werle ,
Lowell D. Sandell ,
Andrew J. Hewitt  and
Greg R. Kruger
Cody F. Creech
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101
Ryan S. Henry
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101
Rafael Werle
Affiliation:
College of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil, 18610-307
Lowell D. Sandell
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Keim Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583
Andrew J. Hewitt
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101 and The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
Greg R. Kruger*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, North Platte, NE 69101
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: gkruger2@unl.edu.
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Abstract

POST weed control in soybean in the United States is difficult because weed resistance to herbicides has become more prominent. Herbicide applicators have grown accustomed to low carrier volume rates that are typical with glyphosate applications. These low carrier volumes are efficient for glyphosate applications and allow applicators to treat a large number of hectares in a timely manner. Alternative modes of action can require greater carrier volumes to effectively control weeds. Glyphosate, glufosinate, lactofen, fluazifop-P, and 2,4-D were evaluated in field and greenhouse studies using 47, 70, 94, 140, 187, and 281 L ha−1 carrier volumes. Spray droplet size spectra for each herbicide and carrier volume combination were also measured and used to determine their impact on herbicide efficacy. Glyphosate efficacy was maximized using 70 to 94 L ha−1 carrier volumes using droplets classified as medium. Glufosinate efficacy was maximized at 140 L ha−1 and decreased as droplet diameter decreased. For 2,4-D applications, efficacy increased when using carrier volumes equal to or greater than 94 L ha−1. Lactofen was most responsive to changes in carrier volume and performed best when applied in carrier volumes of at least 187 L ha−1. Carrier volume had little impact on fluazifop-P efficacy in this study and efficacy decreased when used on taller plants. Based on these data, applicators should use greater carrier volumes when using contact herbicides in order to maximize herbicide efficacy.

El control de malezas POST en soya en los Estados Unidos es difícil porque la resistencia a herbicidas de las malezas se ha hecho más prominente. Los aplicadores de herbicidas se han acostumbrado a usar bajos volúmenes de aplicación que son típicos en aplicaciones con glyphosate. Estos bajos volúmenes de aplicación son eficientes para aplicaciones con glyphosate y permiten a los aplicadores tratar un gran número de hectáreas en poco tiempo. Modos de acción alternativos pueden requerir mayores volúmenes de aplicación para controlar malezas efectivamente. Glyphosate, glufosinate, lactofen, fluazifop-P, y 2,4-D fueron evaluados en estudios de campo y de invernadero usando volúmenes de aplicación de 47, 70, 94, 140, 187, y 281 L ha−1. Se midió el espectro de tamaño de gota de aspersión para cada combinación de herbicida y volumen de aplicación y se determinó su impacto en la eficacia del herbicida. La eficacia de glyphosate se maximizó usando volúmenes de 70 a 94 L ha−1 y gotas clasificadas como medianas. La eficacia de glufosinate se maximizó a 140 L ha−1 y disminuyó al reducirse el diámetro de gota. Para las aplicaciones de 2,4-D, la eficacia incrementó cuando se usaron volúmenes iguales o mayores a 94 L ha−1. Lactofen respondió más a los cambios en volumen de aplicación y se desempeñó mejor cuando fue aplicado con volúmenes de al menos 187 L ha−1. El volumen de aplicación tuvo poco impacto sobre la eficacia de fluazifop-P en este estudio y la eficacia disminuyó cuando se usó en plantas más altas. Con base en estos datos, los aplicadores deberían usar mayores volúmenes de aplicación cuando se usan herbicidas de contacto con el objetivo de maximizar la eficacia de los herbicidas.

Keywords

2,4-DGlufosinateglyphosatefluazifop-PlactofenDroplet sizeherbicide efficacynozzlessoybean herbicidesspray rate
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 611 - 624
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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