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PRE- and POST-applied herbicide options for alfalfa interseeded with corn silage

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 September 2020

William R. Osterholz Open the ORCID record for William R. Osterholz [Opens in a new window] ,
José Luiz C. S. Dias Open the ORCID record for José Luiz C. S. Dias [Opens in a new window] ,
John H. Grabber Open the ORCID record for John H. Grabber [Opens in a new window]  and
Mark J. Renz
William R. Osterholz
Affiliation:
Research Soil Scientist, USDA-ARS Soil Drainage Research Unit, Columbus, OH, USA
José Luiz C. S. Dias
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Researcher, Agronomy Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
John H. Grabber
Affiliation:
Research Agronomist, USDA-ARS Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
Mark J. Renz*
Affiliation:
Professor and Extension Specialist, Agronomy Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Mark J. Renz; Professor and Extension Specialist, Agronomy Department, University of Wisconsin, 1575 Linden Drive #371, Madison, WI53706. Email: mrenz@wisc.edu
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Abstract

Establishment of alfalfa by interseeding it with corn planted for silage can enhance crop productivity but weed management is a challenge to adoption of the practice. Although a simple and effective approach to weed management would be to apply a glyphosate-based herbicide, concerns about herbicide resistance and limitations in available alfalfa varieties exist. Field experiments were conducted to compare the efficacy and selectivity of PRE, POST, and PRE followed by POST herbicide programs to a glyphosate-only strategy when interseeding alfalfa with corn. Experiment 1 compared PRE applications of acetochlor, mesotrione, S-metalochlor, metribuzin, and flumetsulam. Results indicate that acetochlor and metribuzin, and S-metalochlor used at a rate of 1.1 kg ai ha−1 were the most effective and selective PRE herbicides 4 wk after treatment (WAT), but each resulted in greater overall weed cover than glyphosate by 8 WAT. Experiment 2 evaluated applications of bentazon, bromoxynil, 2,4-DB, and mesotrione at early and late POST times. Several herbicides used POST exhibited similar effectiveness and selectivity as glyphosate, including early applications of bromoxynil (0.14 kg ai ha−1) and 2,4-DB (0.84 or 1.68 kg ai ha−1), as well as late applications of bromoxynil (0.42 kg ai ha−1), 2,4-DB (0.84 kg ai ha−1), and mesotrione (0.05 or 0.11 kg ai ha−1). A third experiment compared applications of acetochlor PRE, bromoxynil POST, and a combination of acetochlor PRE with bromoxynil POST. All treatments were effective and safe for use in this interseeded system, although interseeded alfalfa provided 65% to 70% weed suppression in corn planted for silage without any herbicide. Herbicide treatments had no observable impacts on corn and alfalfa yields, so weed management was likely of limited economic importance. However, weed competitiveness can vary based on several different factors including weed species, density, and site-specific factors, and so further investigations under different environments and conditions are needed.

Keywords

acetochlorbentazonbromoxynilflumetsulammesotrionemetribuzinS-metalochlor2,4-DBalfalfaMedicago sativa L.cornZea mays L.Weed controlselectivitypreemergencepostemergencecornalfalfainterseeded system
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , April 2021 , pp. 263 - 270
Creative Commons
To the extent this is a work of the US Government, it is not subject to copyright protection within the United States. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America.
Copyright
© USDA-ARS and The Author(s), 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Kevin Bradley, University of Missouri

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