1. Tsetse-flies have been divided into four stages of hunger by their external appearance. These stages have been correlated with the internal appearance determined by dissection. It was found that the fat-bodies became maximally developed shortly after a meal, and thereafter diminished rapidly in bulk. Hunger of flies in samples is expressed as the Mean Hunger Stage (M.H.S.).

2. Flies in different stages of hunger showed different behaviour in the field. Thus hungry flies usually attacked head-upwards, replete flies, if attacking, tending to adopt a head-down attitude. Most replete flies preferred to settle on the ground, or on objects other than the members of the catching party. Hungry flies were the most persistent followers.

3. The true habitats and feeding-grounds of Glossina morsitans, G. swynnertoni, and G. palpalis are described, so far as they are known to the writer.

4. Confirmation of the feeding-ground theory was obtained for G. swynnertoni by an analysis of the to-and-fro movements of marked flies.

5. Considerable independent movement of flies was shown to occur in the absence of carriage on man or game. Some flies under such conditions travelled over 2 miles in 3 hours.

Observations additional to those made by Dunn (1927) of Culicine mosquitos breeding in “ test ” water containers about a Compound in Southern Nigeria, near Lagos, are here reported for a period of the year (June to December) not covered in Dunn's study. Only the optimum type of container mentioned in Dunn's report (bamboo joints containing water and mango leaves) was employed, and these were placed in the same ten representative environmental situations. The numerical rank of infesting species differed significantly in the two studies only in the case of Culex decens, which dropped from third to last place, and of Aëdes africanus, which rose from tenth to sixth place. The total numbers of infestations in the former study were greater, but this is explainable on the basis of one or several variables, i.e., seasonal differences, elapse of time between studies, or less probably the fact that there were four containers instead of one at each station. The number of infestations at any one station has little relation to the number of resultant adults; there is a wide variation in these numbers.

An analysis of the occurrence of A. aegypti in containers and a discussion of certain bionomical information together with relative weather conditions are included. Brief data are also presented of the incidence of species at three additional stations, one in a centre of dense population (Lagos), one in a suburb (Ebute Metta), and the third isolated in dense “ bush.”

Almost all of the studies here reported were made in one small region, so that very little new information was secured on the ranges of the species of mosquitos under consideration.

Our investigations regarding breeding-places were limited to a few species. Aëdes vittatus was found occasionally breeding in tree-holes in Ibadan. Aëdes irritans adults were taken at Ibadan, which is so far inland that this species must sometimes breed in places other than crab-holes at the edges of salt or brackish water. We did not, however, find the larvae of this species at Ibadan. The favourite breeding-place of Eretmopodites chrysogaster was found to be small collections of water in fallen leaves (especially those of cocoa trees) lying in moist and densely shaded places. Because of the abundance of Mansonia africana in places practically free from Pistia, we conclude that in the vicinity of Lagos it must breed abundantly on other plants. The long flight range of this species was taken into consideration in arriving at this conclusion. An extensive search failed, however, to reveal these plants. M. uniformis, also abundant in the vicinity of Lagos, does not breed there upon Pistia, but an extensive search failed to reveal its breeding-place.

It appears from the literature that the species of Longitarsus recorded from ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) or its ally the groundsel (S. vulgaris), are L. dorsalis, F., L. suturellus, Duft., L. senecionis, Bris., L. jacobaeae, Wat., L. ochroleucus, Marsh., and L. gracilis, Kutsch.; the last named species is also recorded by Bedel from Tussilago. In addition L. succineus, Foudr., has been associated with various composites, such as Eupatorium cannabinum and Chrysanthemum spp. but, apparently, never before with Senecio.

(1) The life-history of S. destructor was investigated, and it is shown that it is primarily a saprophagous feeder but with distinct potentialities for occasional parasitism.

(2) Two species of parasites were bred out of Locusta and Schistocerca from the Red Sea Coast: Blaesoxipha lineata, Fall., and B. filipjevi, Rohd.

(3) The percentage of parasitism was high; 39 per cent. of the adults examined in the area in December 1932 either contained parasites, or had been parasitised and recovered.

(4) The recovery from parasitism was high; 19 per cent. of the locusts examined had been parasitised and recovered.

(5) The life-history of B. lineata and B. filipjevi was investigated in the laboratory; Olsuf'ev's observation that B. lineata is not a very effective parasite was confirmed. A 78 per cent. recovery from parasitism by B. lineata was obtained. Only 38 per cent. of the locusts parasitised reproduced.

The following is a summary of some experiments that were carried out in 1930, 1931 and 1932 on the sandy soils of Darnitza Forest Reserve (near Kiev) and Kruilov Forest Reserve (near Kremenchug), 112 plots, each covering an area of 100 square sazhen (70ft. by 70ft), having been used for the tests. The polychlorides were of two kinds: dark polychlorides, which had a less homogeneous structure and contained a smaller quantity of dichlorides, the amount of higher polychlorides being greater; and light-coloured polychlorides, which chiefly contained dichlorobenzenes and only relatively small quantities of chlorobenzene and higher polychlorides. In the experiments during 1931 and 1932 certain quantities of the chemical were applied to a given area, namely: 26,047 gm., 15,935 gm. and 13,026 gm. to an experimental plot of the size mentioned above. The chemicals were introduced into the soil at intervals of 28, 21 or 14 inches, the lines of the holes being also 28, 21 or 14 inches apart respectively.

This paper deals with a number of collections of African sandflies sent for identification by the Imperial Institute of Entomology and by Dr. P. A. Buxton of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. I have to thank Prof. S. Adler for putting some of this material at my disposal.

The Australian sheep “ blowfly ” Chrysomyia rufifacies, Macq., is shown by a study of chaetotaxy and the genitalia to be distinct from C. albiceps with which it has been considered identical. A discussion is given of the composite genus Chrysomyia and the genera into which Séguy has recently divided it. The synonymy of C. rufifacies is given and also the distribution of C. rufifacies, C. albiceps and C. putoria, the three species which Patton has considered synonymous.

Twenty-one collections of larvae and pupae from Bromeliads, growing in trees or on the ground, were made in São Salvador, the capital of the State of Bahia, Brazil. Four species of Microculex and one Sabethine were bred out. Of these, one new species and certain new forms are described. The new species is called Culex (Microculex) davisi in honour of Dr. Nelson C. Davis, at whose suggestion this study was first undertaken. Since no Aëdes (Stegomyia) aegypti were found, it would appear that Bromeliad breeding is probably of no importance from the standpoint of a yellow fever control campaign in this region.