The Swaine jack-pine sawfly, Neodiprion swainei Midd., is a serious defoliator of jack pine in Canada, and has been reported widely in the Lake States. The largest populations in Wisconsin were on plantations and windbreaks. It is host specific and feeds primarily on old foliage. Damage to new foliage is sporadic, usually being heaviest late in the season. When forced to feed on red, eastern white, or Scotch pines the sawfly develops abnormally. It is not a serious threat to these species. In southern Wisconsin, adults emerge during June; eggs are present from mid-June to mid- July; larvae feed during July and August; heaviest feeding damage occurs in late July and early August; late larval populations feed throughout September. Fecundity was 116 ± 17 eggs. Eggs are placed in new needles, and "paired eggs" are characteristic. The distribution pattern of eggs within a single cluster is characterized for long and for short shoots of new growth. Female larvae require five or six feeding instars, males five. Phenological observations are correlated with sawfly development.

Pineus strobi (Htg.) feeds on eastern white pine, where the sedentary apterous form reproduces itself repeatedly without the sexual form. The insects overwinter as immature females mostly in the third instar. Some eggs laid in spring produce winged forms, but most eggs produce apterous forms. Winged forms migrate to black spruce where they settle on the needles, lay eggs, and then die. The eggs hatch, but the immatures soon perish. On pine the crawler stage is the only one, except the adult alate form, that is capable of dispersing. In 1960 the bulk of the population passed through five generations. Although P. strobi can survive in shady areas, it is not found on bark exposed to sunlight for long periods because air temperatures of 30 °C. or above are unfavorable to it. The mouthparts are inserted intracellularly and extend at least into the outer tissues of the live phloem. During the summer, populations of P. strobi were extremely small due to predation. The three commonest insect predators were: Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls., Microweisea marginata LeC. and Leucopis simplex Loew. Other associated organisms had little effect.

In Kings County, Nova Scotia, low temperatures in the coldest nights of winter can differ by as much as 10°F. from one area to another. This has an important bearing on winter survival of some arthropods. Overwintering sites of orchard arthropods range from exposed situations which remain at air temperature to well protected ones on the ground where temperatures rarely go below 20°F. The cold-hardiness of each of 24 species of arthropods was measured: seven were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive any winter conditions in Nova Scotia, five were less cold-hardy but overwinter in well protected sites and twelve had marginal cold-hardiness, their mortality varying with the winter and the locality.

The inheritance of dieldrin-resistance and DDT-resistance was studied in a laboratory colony of the spotted root maggot Euxesta notata collected in 1960 at Delhi, Ontario. By appropriate selection methods the colony was divided into 4 strains, namely dieldrin-resistant, dieldrin-susceptible, DDT-resistant and DDT-susceptible. Crosses made between the R and S strains showed that dieldrin-resistance segregated sharply, and was inherited as if due to a single gene allele. An excess of heterozygotes over that expected suggested a certain amount of over-dominance with respect to survival. DDT-resistance did not segregate sharply, but the results of the various crosses were in agreement with the idea that this factor, which was very slightly dominant, was due to a single gene allele. Cross-resistance data for R and S strains indicated that dieldrin-resistance and DDT-resistance were completely separate entities in this species.

Eight species of Thanatus are recognized in North America; four are holarctic in range and four nearctic. The holarctic species are T. coloradensis Keyserling, 1880, T. formicinus (Clerck 1757), T. striatus C. L. Koch, 1845, and T. vulgaris Simon, 1870 (=T. peninsulanus Banks, 1898, NEW SYNONYMY). The four nearctic species are T. altimontis Gertsch, 1933, T. arcticus Thorell, 1872, T. patriciae (Lowrie and Gertsch 1955), and T. rubicellus Mello-Leitao, 1929 (=T. rowani Gertsch, 1933, NEW SYNONYMY).

In the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum single-pair matings of different age combinations, young (1 day old) and old (10 days old) maintained for two weeks at 29 ± 2 °C. and 70% relative humidity showed that males matured sexually on the second day of adult life; females matured on the fourth. Between days 7 and 14, regardless of age, productivity was expressed as a single straight line with zero slope and an intercept of 16.4.

Young x young pairs maintained at 25, 29 and 32 °C. had fertilities peculiar to the temperature. The higher the temperature, the earlier reproduction began and the greater the number of F1 adults per day during the two-week experimental period.

Descriptions are presented for 74 new Lonchaeidae as follows: Dasiops Rondani, 60 species: 37 from North America, 12 from South America, 8 from Africa, and 3 from Australia; Lamprolonchaea Bezzi, 14 species: 3 from Caroline Islds., 3 from Mariana Islds., 2 from New Hebrides Islds., 2 from Samoa, and one from each of the following: China, Fiji, India, Marshall Islds., and West Australia.