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Burden of infectious disease studies in Europe and the United Kingdom: a review of methodological design choices
- Periklis Charalampous, Juanita A. Haagsma, Lea S. Jakobsen, Vanessa Gorasso, Isabel Noguer, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Rodrigo Sarmiento, João Vasco Santos, Scott A. McDonald, Dietrich Plass, Grant M. A. Wyper, Ricardo Assunção, Elena von der Lippe, Balázs Ádám, Ala'a AlKerwi, Jalal Arabloo, Ana Lúcia Baltazar, Boris Bikbov, Maria Borrell-Pages, Iris Brus, Genc Burazeri, Serafeim C. Chaintoutis, José Chen-Xu, Nino Chkhaberidze, Seila Cilovic-Lagarija, Barbara Corso, Sarah Cuschieri, Carlotta Di Bari, Keren Dopelt, Mary Economou, Theophilus I. Emeto, Peter Fantke, Florian Fischer, Alberto Freitas, Juan Manuel García-González, Federica Gazzelloni, Mika Gissler, Artemis Gkitakou, Hakan Gulmez, Sezgin Gunes, Sebastian Haller, Romana Haneef, Cesar A. Hincapié, Paul Hynds, Jane Idavain, Milena Ilic, Irena Ilic, Gaetano Isola, Zubair Kabir, Maria Kamusheva, Pavel Kolkhir, Naime Meriç Konar, Polychronis Kostoulas, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Carlo La Vecchia, Paolo Lauriola, Miriam Levi, Marjeta Majer, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Lorenzo Monasta, Stefania Mondello, Javier Muñoz Laguna, Evangelia Nena, Edmond S. W. Ng, Paul Nguewa, Vikram Niranjan, Iskra Alexandra Nola, Rónán O'Caoimh, Marija Obradović, Elena Pallari, Mariana Peyroteo, Vera Pinheiro, Nurka Pranjic, Miguel Reina Ortiz, Silvia Riva, Cornelia Melinda Adi Santoso, Milena Santric Milicevic, Tugce Schmitt, Niko Speybroeck, Maximilian Sprügel, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Aleksandar Stevanovic, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Fimka Tozija, Brigid Unim, Hilal Bektaş Uysal, Orsolya Varga, Milena Vasic, Rafael José Vieira, Vahit Yigit, Brecht Devleesschauwer, Sara M. Pires
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 151 / 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 January 2023, e19
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This systematic literature review aimed to provide an overview of the characteristics and methods used in studies applying the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) concept for infectious diseases within European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA)/European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries and the United Kingdom. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles reporting the assessment of DALY and its components. We considered studies in which researchers performed DALY calculations using primary epidemiological data input sources. We screened 3053 studies of which 2948 were excluded and 105 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 22 were multi-country and 83 were single-country studies, of which 46 were from the Netherlands. Food- and water-borne diseases were the most frequently studied infectious diseases. Between 2015 and 2022, the number of burden of infectious disease studies was 1.6 times higher compared to that published between 2000 and 2014. Almost all studies (97%) estimated DALYs based on the incidence- and pathogen-based approach and without social weighting functions; however, there was less methodological consensus with regards to the disability weights and life tables that were applied. The number of burden of infectious disease studies undertaken across Europe has increased over time. Development and use of guidelines will promote performing burden of infectious disease studies and facilitate comparability of the results.
329 Longitudinal immune profiling reveals unique myeloid and T cell phenotypes associated with spontaneous immunoediting in a novel prostate tumor model
- Casey Ager, Aleksandar Obradovic, Juan M. Arriaga, Matthew G. Chaimowitz, Cory Abate-Shen, Andrea Califano, Charles G. Drake
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 6 / Issue s1 / April 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 April 2022, p. 60
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Few preclinical models exist to study how tumors transition from prolonged stable disease ('equilibrium') to progressive disease ('escape'). We characterized a new murine tumor model the exhibits such behavior, and sought to identify and validate the role of unique tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets in this process. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We evaluated growth of NPK-C1 (originally LM7304; received from Dr. Cory Abate-Shen at Columbia University), a cell line developed from spontaneous prostate cancer lung metastases in NPK mice (Nkx3.1CreERT2/+Ptenflox/floxKrasLSL-G12D/+R26R-LSL-YFP/+), in immune competent (C57BL/6) and immune deficient mice (J/Nu). We determined the role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in regulating the 'equilibrium to escape’ growth dynamics of NPK-C1 via in vivo cell depletions at key inflection points of tumor growth. To deeply profile the immune contexture of NPK-C1 at these inflection points, we developed a 28-color immunophenotyping panel for use on a Cytek Aurora spectral flow cytometer. We performed dimensionality reduction and clustering analyses on these data using tSNE and FlowSOM algorithms within FlowJo (v10.6). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found that activated CD4 effector T cells are enriched in regressing NPK-C1 tumors, highlighting a role for CD4 T cells in antitumor immunity. CD8 T cells are also important for NPK-C1 control; specifically central memory-like cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Depletion of either CD4 or CD8 T cells during the equilibrium phase of NPK-C1 growth confirmed the role of these cells in antagonizing NPK-C1 escape. Tregs as a whole were counterintuitively enriched in regressing tumors, however high dimensional analysis reveals their significant phenotypic diversity, with a number of Treg subpopulations enriched in progressing tumors. In the myeloid compartment, we found that iNOS+ DC-like cells are enriched in regressing tumors, while CD103+ DCs are associated with late stage tumor progression. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: In total, these analyses of the NPK-C1 model provide novel insights into the roles of lymphoid and myeloid populations throughout key phases of tumor/immune co-evolution, and highlight a role for multi-dimensional flow cytometry-based analyses to more deeply understand immune cell dynamics in the tumor microenvironment.