29 results
Efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of repeated subcutaneous ketamine injections for treatment-resistant depression (KADS study): randomised double-blind active-controlled trial
- Colleen Loo, Nick Glozier, David Barton, Bernhard T. Baune, Natalie T. Mills, Paul Fitzgerald, Paul Glue, Shanthi Sarma, Veronica Galvez-Ortiz, Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic, Angelo Alonzo, Vanessa Dong, Donel Martin, Stevan Nikolin, Philip B. Mitchell, Michael Berk, Gregory Carter, Maree Hackett, John Leyden, Sean Hood, Andrew A. Somogyi, Kyle Lapidus, Elizabeth Stratton, Kirsten Gainsford, Deepak Garg, Nicollette L. R. Thornton, Célia Fourrier, Karyn Richardson, Demi Rozakis, Anish Scaria, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Mary Lou Chatterton, William M. McDonald, Philip Boyce, Paul E. Holtzheimer, F. Andrew Kozel, Patricio Riva-Posse, Anthony Rodgers
-
- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 223 / Issue 6 / December 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 July 2023, pp. 533-541
- Print publication:
- December 2023
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
Background
Prior trials suggest that intravenous racemic ketamine is a highly effective for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), but phase 3 trials of racemic ketamine are needed.
AimsTo assess the acute efficacy and safety of a 4-week course of subcutaneous racemic ketamine in participants with TRD. Trial registration: ACTRN12616001096448 at www.anzctr.org.au.
MethodThis phase 3, double-blind, randomised, active-controlled multicentre trial was conducted at seven mood disorders centres in Australia and New Zealand. Participants received twice-weekly subcutaneous racemic ketamine or midazolam for 4 weeks. Initially, the trial tested fixed-dose ketamine 0.5 mg/kg versus midazolam 0.025 mg/kg (cohort 1). Dosing was revised, after a Data Safety Monitoring Board recommendation, to flexible-dose ketamine 0.5–0.9 mg/kg or midazolam 0.025–0.045 mg/kg, with response-guided dosing increments (cohort 2). The primary outcome was remission (Montgomery-Åsberg Rating Scale for Depression score ≤10) at the end of week 4.
ResultsThe final analysis (those who received at least one treatment) comprised 68 in cohort 1 (fixed-dose), 106 in cohort 2 (flexible-dose). Ketamine was more efficacious than midazolam in cohort 2 (remission rate 19.6% v. 2.0%; OR = 12.1, 95% CI 2.1–69.2, P = 0.005), but not different in cohort 1 (remission rate 6.3% v. 8.8%; OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.2–8.2, P = 0.76). Ketamine was well tolerated. Acute adverse effects (psychotomimetic, blood pressure increases) resolved within 2 h.
ConclusionsAdequately dosed subcutaneous racemic ketamine was efficacious and safe in treating TRD over a 4-week treatment period. The subcutaneous route is practical and feasible.
Contributors
-
- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Contributors
-
- By Sayeda Abu-Amero, Ivo Brosens, Jan Brosens, Graham J. Burton, Anthony M. Carter, Judith E. Cartwright, Brianna Cloke, Christophe L. Depoix, Sascha Drewlo, Caroline Dunk, Qi Fu, Luca Fusi, David Haig, Myriam C. Hanssens, Frans M. Helmerhorst, Pak Chung Ho, Eric Jauniaux, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Marc J. N. C. Keirse, Eliyahu V. Khankin, T. Yee Khong, Stephen R. Killick, Chong Jai Kim, John C. P. Kingdom, Juan Pedro Kusanovic, Robert H. Lane, Piotr Lesny, Robert D. Martin, Robert A. McKnight, Kari K. Melve, Ashley Moffett, Gudrun E. Moore, Linda Morgan, Ernest Hung Yu Ng, Robert Pijnenborg, Leslie Proctor, Sarosh Rana, Roberto Romero, Rolv Skjaerven, Gordon C. S. Smith, Robert N. Taylor, May Lee Tjoa, Lars J. Vatten, Lisbeth Vercruysse, Guy St. J. Whitley
- Edited by Robert Pijnenborg, Ivo Brosens, Roberto Romero
-
- Book:
- Placental Bed Disorders
- Published online:
- 06 July 2010
- Print publication:
- 03 June 2010, pp ix-xii
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
The acquisition of social deixis: children's usages of ‘kin’ terms in Maharashtra, India*
- Anthony T. Carter
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Child Language / Volume 11 / Issue 1 / February 1984
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 September 2008, pp. 179-201
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
In relatively unstructured interviews, Maratha and Brahmin children in Maharashtra, India, are asked to identify and to speak about household members, relatives, friends, and neighbours. It is argued that characteristic features of the usages and definitions of so-called ‘kin’ terms of young children as compared to those of adults reflect not only an incomplete grasp of the adult system of kinship reference, but also a quite accurate understanding of the deictic system of address in which kinship per se plays at most a peripheral role. It is further argued that, following Silverstein and Levinson, pragmatic rules of use play a major role in this address system and that, pace Piaget and others, these rules are acquired by a form of observational learning which requires that children be able to take another's point of view.
3 - Agency and fertility: For an ethnography of practice
- Edited by Susan Greenhalgh, University of California, Irvine
-
- Book:
- Situating Fertility
- Published online:
- 07 December 2009
- Print publication:
- 13 July 1995, pp 55-85
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Two concepts of agency, one active and one passive, have dominated attempts to account for fertility change in Western social science since the emergence, toward the end of World War II, of concern with explosive population growth. The passive concept of agency sees people as adhering to conventions or following rules. Human conduct is thus narrowly channeled by norms and institutions. The active concept of agency sees people as deliberately choosing the level of their fertility through some form of abstract rationality. Though the balance between these two forms of agency has shifted, social science accounts of fertility change remain caught between the two poles they define.
In the first versions of demographic transition theory (Notestein 1945, Davis 1945), it was assumed that wherever people exercise deliberate choice or active decision-making with regard to family size they invariably impose sharp limits on their fertility. However, this was thought to occur only in modern societies in which the forces of industrialization, urbanization and education have reduced mortality and freed individuals from the weight of tradition. In premodern and transitional societies, according to this version of transition theory, decision-making remains passive and social and cultural constraints continue to produce high fertility. Most contemporary economic and sociological accounts of fertility change assume that human beings are free to behave rationally in both traditional and modern societies.
Foreword by ANTHONY T. CARTER
- Byron J. Good, Harvard University, Massachusetts
-
- Book:
- Medicine, Rationality and Experience
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 26 November 1993, pp ix-xiv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Byron Good delivered the Lewis Henry Morgan Lectures on which this book is based in March, 1990. This marked the twenty-eighth year in which the Lectures were offered to the public by the Department of Anthropology at the University of Rochester. As I write, the thirty-first Lectures are less than two months away. The Lectures were launched under the leadership of the Department's founding Chair, Professor Bernard S. Cohn, with generous support from the Joseph R. and Joseph C. Wilson families. For twenty-eight years, from 1964 through 1991, the Editor of the Lectures was Professor Alfred Harris. The first five published volumes in the series were Meyer Fortes' Kinship and the Social Order, Fred Eggan's The American Indian, Robert McC. Adams' The Evolution of Urban Society, Victor Turner's The Ritual Process, and Ward Goodenough's Description and Comparison in Social Anthropology.
The Lectures serve in part as a memorial to Lewis Henry Morgan, a prominent Rochester attorney as well as a founder of modern anthropology. Morgan was never dependent on the perhaps dubious pleasures and rewards of an academic position in mid-nineteenth century America. Nevertheless, as Professor Harris noted in his Foreword to Meyer Fortes' inaugural Lectures, Morgan was connected with the University of Rochester from its beginning. A major early benefactor, he left the University money for a women's college as well as his manuscripts and library.
Part 2 - Aspects of political stratification
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 27-28
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
4 - Caste status and distribution
- from Part 2 - Aspects of political stratification
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 49-58
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
As I noted in the previous chapter, much of the literature on political stratification in India centers on the notion of the ‘dominant caste’. According to Srinivas, the author of this concept,
A caste may be said to be ‘dominant’ when it preponderates numerically over the other castes, and when it also wields preponderant economic and political power. A large and powerful caste group can more easily be dominant if its position in the local caste hierarchy is not too low.
(1955:18)Mayer (1958a) observes that Srinivas's definition is concerned with aspects of dominance at the level of a single village, but that more inclusive levels of dominance also may be distinguished. Thus a caste is dominant in a region when it is dominant in a substantial majority of the villages of that region. A caste is dominant in the government of the district or state when it provides a substantial majority of the influential participants in institutions such as district councils, state cabinets, and so on. In some cases, as in Dewas Senior, there may be no regionally dominant caste. It is also possible for a caste to be dominant at a higher level of government without being dominant in the region. For example, in nineteenth-century Guntur District Deshastha (Maratha) Brahmins dominated the highest offices of district administration, while the British monopolized the Presidency administration, including Collectorships, but both groups were foreign to Madras and were without dominance at the village or regional levels (see Frykenberg 1965).
Map of main Girvi settlement area
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 179-184
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
3 - Political arenas and the political class
- from Part 2 - Aspects of political stratification
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 29-48
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
In view of the importance of political stratification and elite circulation for an adequate understanding of contemporary Indian politics and of many aspects of Indian social history as well it is remarkable that so little has been written on the subject. There is a useful body of material on dominant castes, but so far it has been focused mainly on village dominance. Little is known about regional dominance or about dominance in more inclusive, higher level political arenas (see Mayer 1958a). Few of those who have written on dominant castes have broken through the overlay of issues related to caste to deal with the phenomenon of dominance per se (see Gardner 1968). Much of what has been written explicitly about dominance and stratification is based on secondary sources (e.g. Bottomore 1967) or upon the most casual sort of fieldwork (e.g. Beteille 1967). Although a number of historical and political studies use the concept of the elite (see Broomfield 1966 and 1968, Stokes 1970, Mukherjee 1970, Dobbin 1970, Rosenthal 1970, and, on Maharashtra, Johnson 1970 and Sirsikar 1970), in most such work
theory has been of minor relevance; the word ‘elite’ then implies no more than ‘the men at the top’, whatever the particular context of discussion happens to be.
(Leach and Mukherjee 1970:x)As a result, outside of the literature on village dominance there have been few detailed empirical studies of the social origins of Indian political leaders and of the relations between the mass of the electorate and the groups from which most such leaders seem to be recruited. A major aim of Part 2 of this essay is to fill that gap.
List of illustrations
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp vi-viii
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Notes
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 188-194
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
6 - Descent groups and affinal networks
- from Part 2 - Aspects of political stratification
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 77-98
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
It remains to demonstrate in what manner ties of kinship enter into political stratification. v∂t∂ndar Marathas, the predominant element of the political class of rural Western Maharashtra, are linked to the non-v∂t∂ndar Marathas, the largest section of the population falling outside the political class, by common Maratha caste identity. In principle, therefore, there is no reason why the two sections of the Maratha caste cannot be related also by ties of kinship and marriage which might either permit v∂t∂ndar to call upon their non-v∂t∂ndar relatives for support or permit the latter to make claims upon the former for patronage. In fact, however, ties of kinship and marriage link v∂t∂ndar and non-v∂t∂ndar Marathas infrequently and in only a few characteristic forms. Furthermore, v∂t∂ndar may be distinguished from the rest of the Maratha caste by their large corporate descent groups and far flung affinal networks and both of these features of v∂t∂ndar Maratha kinship are a support for their dominant position as well as a product of it. An analysis of political stratification and alliances, therefore, must take into account the networks of kinship ties which are available to elite politicians and also the ways in which such networks are linked to but different from those found among other sections of the population.
Relatives in the most inclusive sense are called natl∂g or natevaik in Marathi. Natevaik are of two kinds, bhauki and soyre. These two categories are mutually exclusive and exhaust the universe of relatives. According to informants bhauki are blood (r∂kt∂) relatives, while soyre are relatives by marriage (l∂gna).
2 - The region: Girvi, Phaltan Taluka, and Western Maharashtra
- from Part I - Introduction
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 15-26
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
The argument which follows may be understood in the context of two issues of general anthropological relevance. It is a contribution to the study of political stratification and also to the analysis of the relationships between social structure and social organization. At the same time the argument bears on issues peculiar to Western Maharashtra as a distinct region of India. The locality of my investigation, Girvi and Phaltan Taluka, is virtually in the center of Western Maharashtra. It may be assumed that the patterns of political stratification and political alliances found there are illustrative of those occurring throughout the region.
THE LOCALITY: GIRVI AND PHALTAN TALUKA
Girvi is located in Satara District just below the steep north slope of the Mahadev hills in the Nira valley. Consisting of several distinct settlements scattered over an area of twenty square miles (see Map 3, p. 179 and Fig. 2), the village lies along the southern boundary of Phaltan Taluka about six miles from Phaltan town, the taluka headquarters. A motorable dirt road links Girvi proper, the main settlement, to Phaltan and two or three times a day buses of the State Transport Corporation travel from Phaltan to Girvi and back, passing through the neighboring village of Nirgudi on the way. The homes of the residents of Girvi proper together with the principal village temples, the offices of the Panchayat and village co-operative societies, and the market yard are clustered on high ground between two branches of a stream which have their origin in the Mahadev hills a mile or two away.
Part 3 - Political alliances
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 99-100
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Index
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 203-207
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
7 - Vertical alliances
- from Part 3 - Political alliances
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 101-126
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
In this and the two subsequent chapters I will analyse the political action which I observed in Girvi, Phaltan Taluka, and Satara District between February 1966, when I went to live in Girvi, and September 1967. This was a hectic period in local politics. In Girvi a new Panchayat was elected early in 1966 and a new Credit Society Managing Committee was elected later in the same year. A General Election was held throughout India in January 1967 and in Maharashtra there were zilla parishad and panchayat samiti elections in May 1967. More than half of the villages in Phaltan Taluka elected new panchayats in April 1967 and in Phaltan a new Municipal Council was elected in May 1967. I will not attempt to narrate the political history of this period. Rather I will show how the pattern of political aliances which emerged in these elections and in connected events is related to the social structure of the region and to the arenas and occasions of political action.
Decisions concerning political alliances are made in terms of such antecedent structural frameworks as the governmental and administrative systems, the caste system, the economic system, and the kinship system. An analysis of these systems in Western Maharashtra reveals a fifth and fundamental structural framework which runs through all the others. This structural framework is the division of the population into two categories: the mass of the population with little or no political influence and a small political class consisting mainly of potentially influential, high status, well connected, and wealthy v∂t∂ndar Marathas.
Appendix
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp 185-187
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Elite Politics in Rural India
- Political Stratification and Political Alliances in Western Maharashtra
- Anthony T. Carter
-
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974
-
A study of the system of political stratification and the pattern of political alliances in rural Western Maharashtra. Based on fieldwork in a large village, a nearby market town and taluka headquarters, and political institutions in the surrounding countryside, the first half of the book is a full examination of the phenomenon of regional dominance originally described by Adrian Mayer. The second part is a detailed study of the pattern of political alliances from village to district level. Dr Carter's central concern is with the manner in which the pattern of political alliances is shaped by political stratification. Tracing the relationships between these alliances and such factors as political stratification, political arenas, caste, class, and kinship, Dr Carter demonstrates that much Indian political behaviour which has been regarded as irrational or as a sign of an immature, tradition-bound and unstable system may be understood more usefully as a rational response to the conditions of political action in rural India.
Contents
- Anthony T. Carter, University of Rochester, New York
-
- Book:
- Elite Politics in Rural India
- Published online:
- 02 March 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 November 1974, pp v-v
-
- Chapter
- Export citation