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Characteristics of healthcare personnel with SARS-CoV-2 infection: 10 emerging infections program sites in the United States, April 2020–December 2021
- Nora Chea, Taniece Eure, Rebecca Alkis Ramirez, Maria Zlotorzynska, Gregory T. Blazek, Joelle Nadle, Jane Lee, Christopher A. Czaja, Helen Johnston, Devra Barter, Melissa Kellogg, Catherine Emanuel, James Meek, Monica Brackney, Stacy Carswell, Stepy Thomas, Scott K. Fridkin, Lucy E. Wilson, Rebecca Perlmutter, Kaytlynn Marceaux-Galli, Ashley Fell, Sara Lovett, Sarah Lim, Ruth Lynfield, Sarah Shrum Davis, Erin C. Phipps, Marla Sievers, Ghinwa Dumyati, Christopher Myers, Christine Hurley, Erin Licherdell, Rebecca Pierce, Valerie L. S. Ocampo, Eric W. Hall, Christopher Wilson, Cullen Adre, Erika Kirtz, Tiffanie M. Markus, Kathryn Billings, Ian D Plumb, Glen R. Abedi, Jade James-Gist, Shelley S. Magill, Cheri T. Grigg
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , First View
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 May 2024, pp. 1-9
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Background:
Understanding characteristics of healthcare personnel (HCP) with SARS-CoV-2 infection supports the development and prioritization of interventions to protect this important workforce. We report detailed characteristics of HCP who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from April 20, 2020 through December 31, 2021.
Methods:CDC collaborated with Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states to interview HCP with SARS-CoV-2 infection (case-HCP) about their demographics, underlying medical conditions, healthcare roles, exposures, personal protective equipment (PPE) use, and COVID-19 vaccination status. We grouped case-HCP by healthcare role. To describe residential social vulnerability, we merged geocoded HCP residential addresses with CDC/ATSDR Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) values at the census tract level. We defined highest and lowest SVI quartiles as high and low social vulnerability, respectively.
Results:Our analysis included 7,531 case-HCP. Most case-HCP with roles as certified nursing assistant (CNA) (444, 61.3%), medical assistant (252, 65.3%), or home healthcare worker (HHW) (225, 59.5%) reported their race and ethnicity as either non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic. More than one third of HHWs (166, 45.2%), CNAs (283, 41.7%), and medical assistants (138, 37.9%) reported a residential address in the high social vulnerability category. The proportion of case-HCP who reported using recommended PPE at all times when caring for patients with COVID-19 was lowest among HHWs compared with other roles.
Conclusions:To mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in healthcare settings, infection prevention, and control interventions should be specific to HCP roles and educational backgrounds. Additional interventions are needed to address high social vulnerability among HHWs, CNAs, and medical assistants.
19734 L-type calcium channels in cerebellar neuron development and motor learning
- DeAnna O’Quinn, Aislinn Williams, Ashley Parker, Bryn Myers, Ashley Plumb, Hsiang Wen, Marisol Lauffer
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 5 / Issue s1 / March 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 March 2021, pp. 8-9
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: We aim to understand how LTCCs impact cerebellar function. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) are important in activity-dependent neurite outgrowth, which comprises neurite initiation and elongation. We used cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) to differentiate between LTCC effects on neurite initiation vs elongation. We also tested cerebellar function in mice lacking specific LTCCs with behavioral assays. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: CGNs were cultured from 129SvEv mouse pups at P4-P6. Potassum chloride (50mM) was used to stimulate neuronal cultures for 24 hours. Isradipine (20nM) was added to culture medium to inhibit all LTCCs for 1 hour. For Cav1.2 deletion, we crossed Cav1.2 conditional knockout mice (Cav1.2-cKO) to Syn-Cre mice (for deletion in most neurons) or Atoh1-Cre mice (for deletion in CGNs). The Cav1.2-cKO line was maintained on a 129SvEv background. For constitutive Cav1.3 deletion, mice were maintained on a C57BL/6NTac. Behavioral tasks included open field, rotarod, and Erasmus Ladder. Data were analyzed with sexes combined and separated to assess for sex as a biological variable. Studies were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, or generalized linear mixed model, where appropriate. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: CGNs exhibited an increase in neurite initiation but not elongation when stimulated with potassium chloride, consistent with previous reports of activity-dependent neurite outgrowth in this cell type. LTCC inhibition with isradipine blunted KCl-induced neurite initiation. We observed no change in the length of either primary or secondary neurites with isradipine treatment with or without KCl stimulation. In our behavioral experiments, we observed no deficits in open field, rotarod, or Erasmus Ladder when Cav1.2 was deleted in most neurons (driven by Syn-Cre expression) or in cerebellar granule neurons (driven by Atoh1-Cre expression). In contrast, loss of Cav1.3 was associated with impaired motor learning in the rotarod task without evidence of ataxia on Erasmus Ladder. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: We show a specific role for LTCCs in activity-dependent CGN neurite initiation. While loss of Cav1.2 does not affect motor learning, loss of Cav1.3 does impair motor learning. Our results help expand our understanding of LTCC function in cerebellar neurodevelopment and function.