29 results
Leave no one behind? Transitioning from the military to civilian life in New Zealand
- Andrew Cardow, Jean-Sebastien Imbeau, Bill Willie Apiata, Jenny Martin
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- Journal:
- Journal of Management & Organization / Volume 30 / Issue 2 / March 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 June 2021, pp. 368-385
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Transition from the military environment into a civilian environment is a topic that has seen increasing attention within the last two decades. There is, in the literature, a clearly articulated issue that transition from the military to the civilian world is somewhat different to transitioning from school to work, or from career to career, or from work to retirement. Many, but not all, of the extant examples regarding military transition are case studies, focus groups or small-scale qualitative surveys. The following article details a large-scale survey that took place in New Zealand in 2019. From just over 1400 responses, a wide range of information was gathered. The aim of the survey was to uncover the experiences of military who had undergone transition within New Zealand. In this respect, the survey was exploratory. We report here the qualitative results that expand the existing body of knowledge of military transition. Our results are in line with international results and demonstrate that a large majority of respondents had a less than desirable transition experience. The contribution made therefore is a reinforcement that current practice in this area is needing a great deal of attention. The following outlines the experiences our New Zealand-based respondents had and how this mirrors the extant international literature. As this was the first survey of its kind to attract large numbers of respondents within New Zealand, the results and discussion that follow present aspects of transition that the Ministry of Defence and the New Zealand Defence Force may wish to consider when planning future transition programmes.
P0286 - Psychosocial characteristics of high utilizing inner city hospital patients
- J.M. Levine, Y. Martin, D. Reich, D. Ladogana, M. Gordon, A. Khadivi, J. Billings
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 23 / Issue S2 / April 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, p. S384
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Background and Aims:
A relatively small proportion of patients account for a disproportionate share of healthcare utilization and cost with, on average, 1% of patients responsible for 20-25% of cost, 5% of patients for 40% and 10% for two thirds. These “high-utilizers” frequently suffer from co-morbid medical and psychiatric illnesses, but they are not well characterized in terms of diagnoses, current treatment patterns, or long-term outcomes. We sought to characterize further such patients at a large inner city acute care hospital.
Methods:We applied a validated tool, Patients At Risk for Re-hospitalization, to the entire hospital population and then performed a mixed methods (quantitative/qualitative) study of 100 patients judged to be at high risk (>67%) of re-hospitalization during the ensuing year.
Results:Of over 130,000 patients, 6,000 were identified. These individuals were overwhelmingly non-elderly adults (96% ages 18-64). Most common medical diagnoses were hypertension (49%), asthma (41%), diabetes (33%), and HIV/AIDS (32%). Schizophrenia, bipolar illness, or other psychosis was found in 48%. Over two-thirds had substance abuse diagnoses. Although 56% had made at least one emergency department visit in the past two years, only 37% had seen a primary care provider. Patient interviews revealed high rates of unstable housing, social isolation, and failure to appreciate the severity of health problems.
Conclusion:High utilizers of general health care have very high rates of serious mental illness and substance abuse. Interviews suggest need for improved medical/psychiatric coordination with community outreach. Although such interventions are resource intense, the economic and health benefits may be large.
WeedSOFT®: a weed management decision support system
- Christophe Neeser, J. Anita Dille, Gopal Krishnan, David A. Mortensen, Jeffery T. Rawlinson, Alex R. Martin, Lynn B. Bills
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- Journal:
- Weed Science / Volume 52 / Issue 1 / February 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 20 January 2017, pp. 115-122
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WeedSOFT® is a decision support system that was developed to help farmers and consultants in Nebraska with the selection of optimal weed management strategies. WeedSOFT® evolved from HERB, a bioeconomic model for soybean that was developed in North Carolina. The program is composed of four independent modules, namely, ADVISOR, EnviroFX, MapVIEW, and WeedVIEW. ADVISOR helps the user select a treatment based on maximum yield or maximum net gain. EnviroFX and MapVIEW provide environmentally relevant herbicide information and county soil maps that indicate vulnerability to groundwater contamination. WeedVIEW is a visual library of color images and line drawings of 46 common weed species. Over 500 farmers and consultants in Nebraska and adjacent states use WeedSOFT®. As a result of the current regionalization effort, the user base is expected to increase rapidly during the next 2 or 3 yr. This article explains the algorithms implemented in the current version of WeedSOFT®.
‘You can Spend Time. . .But not Necessarily be Bonding with Them’: Australian Fathers’ Constructions and Enactments of Infant Bonding
- MICHELLE BRADY, EMILY STEVENS, LAETITIA COLES, MARIA ZADOROZNYJ, BILL MARTIN
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- Journal:
- Journal of Social Policy / Volume 46 / Issue 1 / January 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 July 2016, pp. 69-90
- Print publication:
- January 2017
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Governments are increasingly implementing policies that encourage early father-infant bonding. However, to date, research has not systematically examined fathers’ perspectives and experiences of early bonding. Using a social constructionist embodiment perspective we argue that paternal bonding is best conceived as a process of repeated, embodied performances that are shaped by gendered parenting discourses. Drawing on 100 semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of Australian fathers of young infants, we argue that most men believe they are capable of developing early strong bonds. They assume that bonding is a product of spending sufficient time with a child, irrespective of the parent's gender. In contrast, a sizable minority of fathers assert that physiology means fathers are ‘largely useless’ to very young infants, and tend to remain distant in the early months. We conclude that social policies promoting early paternal bonding must engage with and challenge gendered/physiological discourses.
Contributors
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- By Linda S. Aglio, Cyrus Ahmadi Yazdi, Syed Irfan Qasim Ali, Caryn Barnet, Jessica Bauerle, Felicity Billings, Evan Blaney, Beverly Chang, Christopher Chen, Zinaida Chepurny, Hyung Sun Choi, Allison Clark, Lauren J. Cornella, Lisa Crossley, Michael D’Ambra, Galina Davidyuk, Whitney de Luna, Manisha S. Desai, Sukumar P. Desai, Kelly G. Elterman, Michaela K. Farber, Iuliu Fat, Jaida Fitzgerald, Devon Flaherty, John A. Fox, Gyorgy Frendl, Rejean Gareau, Joseph M. Garfield, Andrea Girnius, Laverne D. Gugino, J. Tasker Gundy, Carly C. Guthrie, Lisa M. Hammond, M. Tariq Hanifi, James Hardy, Philip M. Hartigan, Thomas Hickey, Richard Hsu, Mohab Ibrahim, David Janfaza, Yuka Kiyota, Suzanne Klainer, Benjamin Kloesel, Hanjo Ko, Bhavani Kodali, Vesela Kovacheva, J. Matthew Kynes, Robert W. Lekowski, Joyce Lo, Jeffrey Lu, Alvaro A. Macias, Zahra M. Malik, Erich N. Marks, Brendan McGinn, Jonathan R. Meserve, Annette Mizuguchi, Srdjan S. Nedeljkovic, Ju-Mei Ng, Michael Nguyen, Olutoyin Okanlawon, Jennifer Oliver, Krishna Parekh, Jessica Patterson, Christian Peccora, Pete Pelletier, Sujatha Pentakota, James H. Philip, Marc Philip T. Pimentel, Timothy D. Quinn, Elizabeth M. Rickerson, Susan L. Sager, Julia Serber, Shaheen Shaikh, Stanton Shernan, David Silver, Alissa Sodickson, Pingping Song, George P. Topulos, Agnieszka Trzcinka, Richard D. Urman, Rosemary Uzomba, Joshua Vacanti, Assia Valovska, Michael Vaninetti, Scott W. Vaughan, Kamen Vlassakov, Christopher Voscopoulos, Emily L. Wang, Laura Westfall, Zhiling Xiong, Stephanie Yacoubian, Dongdong Yao, Martin Zammert, Maksim Zayaruzny, Jose Luis Zeballos, Natthasorn Zinboonyahgoon, Jie Zhou
- Edited by Linda S. Aglio, Robert W. Lekowski, Richard D. Urman
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- Essential Clinical Anesthesia Review
- Published online:
- 05 February 2015
- Print publication:
- 08 January 2015, pp xi-xvi
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Can Intangible Investment Explain the UK Productivity Puzzle? A Response and Comment
- Bill Martin, Robert Rowthorn
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- Journal:
- National Institute Economic Review / Volume 226 / November 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 March 2020, pp. R42-R49
- Print publication:
- November 2013
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This note responds to the recent critique by Goodridge, Haskel and Wallis (GHW) of our 2012 study of Britain's productivity puzzle. We show that a correct reworking of the latest official data on changes in labour composition overturns GHW's main criticism. We also question the strength of the empirical evidence offered by GHW in support of their alternative explanations of the productivity puzzle.
A Rejoinder to Goodridge, Haskel and Wallis
- Bill Martin, Robert Rowthorn
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- Journal:
- National Institute Economic Review / Volume 226 / November 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 March 2020, p. R54
- Print publication:
- November 2013
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The Birmingham Registry for Twin and Heritability Studies (BiRTHS)
- Ruth E. Krone, Andrew K. Ewer, Timothy G. Barrett, Robert J. Moy, Shagaf Bakour, Eamonn R. Maher, Shakila Thangaratinam, Philip Cox, Bill Martin, Khalid S. Khan, Maurice P. Zeegers
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- Journal:
- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 9 / Issue 6 / 01 December 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2012, pp. 907-912
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In this article we present the protocol of the Birmingham Registry for Twin Heritability Studies (BiRTHS), which aims to establish a long-term prospective twin registry with twins identified from the antenatal period and subjected to detailed follow-up. We plan to investigate the concordance in anthropo-metrics and early childhood phenotypes between 66 monozygotic and 154 dizygotic twin pairs in the first 2 years of recruitment. In this project we plan to determine the relative contributions of heritability and environment to fetal growth, birth size, growth in infancy and development up to 2 years of age in an ethnically mixed population. Twins will be assessed with the Griffitth's Mental Development Scales, which will enable us to obtain detailed information on development. As maternal depression may have an effect on the twins' neurodevelopment, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale will be used at various stages during pregnancy and after delivery to assess maternal depressive symptoms. The increasing prevalence of obesity in both adults and children has raised concerns about the effect of maternal obesity in pregnancy on fetal growth. The prospective study design gives us the opportunity to obtain data on maternal nutrition (reflected by body mass index) and ante- and postnatal growth and development of twins.
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Wake-up call for British psychiatry: responses
- Christine M. Vize, Peter Atkinson, Neil Brimblecombe, Martin Crawshaw, Bill Davidson, Roslyn Hope, Ian Hulatt, Jen Kilyon, Peter Kinderman, Wendy Osborn, Sally Pidd, Kim Shamash, Graham Turpin
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 193 / Issue 6 / December 2008
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 513-514
- Print publication:
- December 2008
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The impact of a community-based food skills intervention on cooking confidence, food preparation methods and dietary choices – an exploratory trial
- Wendy L Wrieden, Annie S Anderson, Pat J Longbottom, Karen Valentine, Martine Stead, Martin Caraher, Tim Lang, Bill Gray, Elizabeth Dowler
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 10 / Issue 2 / February 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 February 2007, pp. 203-211
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Objective
To evaluate the feasibility of undertaking a food skills intervention study in areas of social deprivation aimed at altering cooking confidence, food preparation methods and dietary choices.
DesignA standardised skills programme was implemented in community-based settings. Pre- (T1) and post-intervention (T2) and 6-month follow-up (T3) measures (7-day diaries and self-administered questionnaires) were undertaken in intervention and comparison groups.
SettingEight urban communities in Scotland.
SubjectsOne hundred and thirteen adults living in areas of social deprivation.
ResultsIt was clear that many subjects led fragmented lives and found commitment to intervention classes problematic. Sixty-three subjects completed the final (T3) assessments. The response to each component varied due to inability to attend sessions, illness, study requirements, employment, moving out of the area, change in circumstances, loss of interest and loss of postal questionnaires. At baseline, reported consumption of fruit and vegetables was low (mean frequency 8.1 ± 4.78 times per week). Fruit intake increased significantly (P < 0.05) between T1 and T2 in the intervention group (1.7 ± 2.36 to 2.7 ± 3.28 times per week) only. Between T1 and T3, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in intervention subjects who reported confidence in following a recipe (67–90%,).
ConclusionsThis exploratory trial shows that a food skills intervention is likely to have a small but positive effect on food choice and confidence in food preparation. A full-scale randomised controlled trial in this hard-to-reach group would require a range of flexible approaches rather than a fully defined intervention, and presents challenges for trial design.
Chapter 7 - The fruits of the Earth
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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- 17 August 2006, pp 317-370
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Summary
But lo! men have become the tools of their tools. The man who independently plucked the fruits when he was hungry is become a farmer; and he stood under a tree for shelter, a housekeeper.
Henry David Thoreau, 1817–1862Exploiting plants
Human beings use thousands of species of plants for food, either as food or flavourings, for fuel, for construction materials and as sources of chemicals (oils, resins, gums, dyes, medicines and poisons). Almost all our calories and protein come either directly from plants or indirectly from plants used as food for our domesticated animals (the remainder comes from algae and fungi). All parts of plants have been directly exploited. Food has been obtained from the root (root-tubers, tap-roots), stem (tubers, rhizomes, and canes), leaf, flower (nectar and pollen in honey), seed and fruit. Wood, timber, fibres and other materials such as resins and latex have been obtained from roots, stems and leaves.
Humanity has always exploited plants but perhaps only for the past 10,000 years or 1% of human history have we cultivated them. Almost uniquely, human kind is a gardener, a cultivator. The first gardeners, in hunter–gatherer societies, were likely to have been women. They selected favoured plants, helped their cultivation and, in doing so, unconsciously changed the plants. The first cultivation of plants may have occurred in the Mesolithic period some time after 15,000 years ago. It was a time when the climate fluctuated rapidly.
Chapter 2 - The genesis of form
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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- 17 August 2006, pp 56-96
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Summary
The student of Nature wonders the more and is astonished the less, the more conversant he becomes with her operations; but of all the perennial miracles she offers to his inspection, perhaps the most worthy of admiration is the development of a plant or animal from its embryo.
Thomas Henry Huxley, 1825–1895Plant development
Plants undergo an orderly succession of developmental changes (ontogeny) starting with the simple structure of the embryo and ending with the highly complex organisation of the mature plant, senescence and death. At least, this is the zoocentric view of the plant life cycle. In reality it is more complex than that because many plants, by shedding their parts, actually may be said to be constantly dying while they are living. Programmed cell death (PCD), called apoptosis in animals, occurs in the normal life cycle of all plants, for example, during maturation and senescence of leaves, flowers and fruits, and abscission in the regular seasonal cycle of temperate plants during leaf-fall, and as the result of stress. In aquatic and semi-aquatic plants cell death creates air channels that aerate the submerged tissues. In addition, the great propensity for vegetative reproduction gives plants almost immortality. Such serial changes contribute to the unfolding development of the plant as a whole, but they also occur at all levels of organisation, from cells and tissues to organs.
Index
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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- 17 August 2006, pp 426-440
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Chapter 8 - Knowing plants
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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- 17 August 2006, pp 371-425
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Summary
Knowledge is ‘seeing’ this vital meaning behind the appearance of things. It is penetrating the mystery of life. Thus, it is only through this process of learning ‘to see’ that we come to know ourselves.
Socrates, 469–399 bceThe emergence of scientific botany
The study of plants must be one of the oldest occupations of humans who, even in their most primitive state, required a wide knowledge of the plants that provided food or remedies for illness. By trial and error they knew which plants were poisonous and which were edible. This expertise led to the first sowing of wild seeds, the start of agriculture and therefore the beginning of civilisation. The earliest classification systems were utilitarian ‘common-sense’ classifications but could be extremely sophisticated. The Mayan folk classification of plants, for example, is no less systematic than the latest scientific classifications based largely on analyses of DNA sequences.
The long history of botany is a record of our attempts to describe and understand plants. This is not as straightforward as it might seem. Even a simple term such as ‘leaf’ can be interpreted in several ways and its meaning depends upon the context of its use. A concept such as species is more complex.
It is common for new botany students to complain about the number of terms, names and concepts they have to learn. Botany uses language in which the things are, in a sense, ‘created’ by the words we use to describe them.
Chapter 5 - Ordering the paths of diversity
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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- 17 August 2006, pp 191-251
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Summary
They are all bound, each to each by powers that are virtues; the path of each is traced and each one finds its own path.
André Gide, 1897The phylogeny of plants
One of the best ways to understand variation is by comparison among related groups. Perhaps the greatest early success in this approach was that of Hoffmeister in the nineteenth century when he realised that the evolution of ovules and seeds could be best understood by understanding the variations of heterosporous and endosporic nonseed plants. The availability of an independently-derived phylogeny, from DNA sequence data, has vastly increased the power of this comparative approach.
Looking at phylogeny it is clear that particular forms have evolved repeatedly. Time and again similar morphologies and anatomies have evolved separately in distinct lineages. These examples provide a key to understanding the evolution of plants not just in terms of adaptation, say in understanding a convergent feature as one that has evolved to fit a similar function, but perhaps more importantly in understanding the shared environmental and developmental processes that have constrained or permitted certain evolutionary pathways.
The paths of diversity
Imagine the map of diversity as if it were a city plan. There are the city blocks, at different longitudes and latitudes of morphology, anatomy, physiology and chemistry. These are the archetypes. They are connected by the paths that represent the developmental pathways between them.
Chapter 4 - Sex, multiplication and dispersal
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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- 17 August 2006, pp 135-190
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Summary
flowers are … constrained by history: they have a phylogenetic burden. Many levels of their evolutionary history have imprinted their marks on them. They cannot escape them. One can often see traces of earlier phylogenetic (sub)strata in the structure of flowers. One should not forget that each flower, however harmoniously functioning at any time, is a mixture of features that are of different evolutionary ages. Different historical levels are incorporated and work together. The notion of ‘evolutionary tinkering’ is especially apt for flowers.
P. K. Endress, 1994The yin and yang of reproduction
The trio of sex, multiplication and dispersal are the pillars of the evolution of life on Earth. Multiplication comes through the processes of sex and dispersal but requires neither. Many organisms reproduce only, or mainly, asexually and have no special mechanisms for dispersal. For organisms living in water, dispersal was never much of a problem. Water currents dispersed them haphazardly. But dispersal on the land is a formidable challenge, a cliff that the first land colonists had to scale. The landscape was only patchily friendly and even if a foothold could be established the leap from one damp patch to another was a huge challenge. The plants that first met this challenge, and the structures they used to do it, their spores, provide the first record of complex terrestrial life. In colonising the land, plants transformed it making it an easier place for other colonists.
Frontmatter
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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- 17 August 2006, pp i-iv
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Chapter 3 - Endless forms?
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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- 17 August 2006, pp 97-134
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… there is a grandeur in this view of life with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been and are being evolved.
Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species, 1859The living response
The plant in its world: macrocosm and microcosm
The environment of plants exists on vastly different scales. Plants are the primary producers and are basal to almost all food chains except marine ones where they are replaced by the algae, and a few others such as some deep-sea hydrothermal vents where chemoautotrophic organisms live. They play a vital role in the flow of energy through all ecological cycles. The whole system of life rests solidly on their industry without which the evolution of many other organisms could not have occurred. Vegetation forms the macrocosm of life on Earth, yet the relationships of individual plants to their environment operate on a microcosmic scale. Many of the adaptations of plants to life on land have involved internalising the external, creating their own atmosphere in the spaces between their cells in their leaves and stems or garnering moisture and nutrients by colonising the soil in the finest possible way.
Chapter 6 - The lives of plants
- Martin Ingrouille, Birkbeck College, University of London, Bill Eddie, University of Edinburgh
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Summary
There is not a ‘fragment’ in all nature, for every relative fragment of one thing is a full harmonious unit in itself.
John Muir, 1867 (A Thousand-Mile Walk to the Gulf, 1916)When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe.
John Muir, 1869 (My First Summer in the Sierra, 1911)Plant diversity around the world
A complete treatment of vegetation around the world would be impossible in a whole book let alone a single chapter. Instead, we concentrate on plants that inhabit different environmental extremes. We bring into focus the biotic relations of plants and, in addition, we consider some aspects of plant evolution in relation to the Earth's history and climate change, by looking at plants of islands.
The greatest omission this chapter is an account of the forests of the world. Every botanist should visit a tropical rainforest at least once. No vegetation formation on Earth can compare to tropical rainforest in its staggering wealth of life forms, its diversity of species. It is the ‘Ultima Thule’ of the botanical world, after which everything else falls into perspective.
… I measured my insignificance and climate change, by looking at plants of islands. against the quiet majesty of the trees. All botanists should be humble. From trampling weeds and cutting lawns they should go where they are lost in the immense structure of the forest. […]