13 results
Rapid Ultrasensitive Detection of Clostridiodes difficile Toxins in Stool Samples Using A Single-Molecule Counting Method
- Don Straus, Ann Zuniga, Alejandra Garces, Andrew Tempesta, Adam Williams, Bill Lauzier, Jennifer Hickey, Sadanand Gite, Selina Clancy, Yismel Rosario, Bruce Walsh, Jayson Bowers
-
- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 November 2020, pp. s450-s451
- Print publication:
- October 2020
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Background:Clostridiodes difficile infection is considered an urgent antibiotic resistance threat by the CDC, accounting for ∼225,000 hospitalizations, 12,800 deaths, and ∼$1 billion in healthcare costs in the United States in 2017. The presence of the secreted toxins that cause the devastating symptoms of this gastrointestinal infection are diagnostic of C. difficile infection (CDI). However, the rapid testing methods currently used to detect CDI lack accuracy. Enzyme immunoassays are specific but lack sensitivity because they do not detect CDI patients that have low levels of the toxins. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are sensitive, but they lack specificity because they detect patients colonized with C. difficile in the dormant spore form that does not produce the toxins. This insufficiency has resulted in the adoption of complex multitest algorithms for C. difficile diagnosis. We present results for a new toxin test that demonstrates both high clinical sensitivity and clinical specificity for C. difficile toxin B on a fully automated benchtop platform. Methods: The detection technology uses nonmagnified digital imaging to count single toxin molecules that tether together target-specific magnetic and fluorescent particles. The 30-minute method includes the use of a dye cushion to eliminate wash steps and the need for time-consuming specimen preparation steps. We determined analytical performance characteristics of the test using negative clinical stool samples spiked with purified toxin. To assess clinical performance, we tested 785 stool samples from 5 clinical sites and compared the results with the cellular cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA). Results: The test’s limit of detection for toxin B was 60 pg/mL. A comparison of the new test to the CCNA reference method gave 98% positive percentage agreement (83 of 85 samples) and 95% negative percentage agreement (667 of 700 samples). Conclusions: The new method demonstrated 96% accuracy compared to the gold standard for C. difficile toxin tests. The results also demonstrate an analytical sensitivity (limit of detection, 60 pg/mL). Thus, the test has the potential to detect CDI patients missed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests due to their low analytical sensitivity. Because the test detects toxins directly, it is expected to have a lower false-positive rate than NAAT methods, which detect patients colonized with the non–toxin-producing spore form. A single accurate test for toxin-producing C. difficile could eliminate the need for multitest algorithms.
Funding: First Light Diagnostics, Inc., provided support for this study.
Disclosures: Donald Straus reports that he is the founder and chief scientific officer of First Light Diagnostics (FLDx) with salary and ownership interest in the form of stocks, stock options, and warrants. Adam Williams reports salary from First Light Diagnostics.
6 - A Sick City in a Sick Country
- Edited by Keith Kintrea, Rebecca Madgin, University of Glasgow
-
- Book:
- Transforming Glasgow
- Published by:
- Bristol University Press
- Published online:
- 25 March 2021
- Print publication:
- 18 December 2019, pp 121-138
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
-
Summary
Introduction
It is no hyperbole to describe Glasgow as a Sick City within a Sick Country. Across an almost exhaustive set of mortality and morbidity indicators, Glasgow and Scotland perform badly in relation to otherwise comparable places. This chapter has two substantive aims. First, it draws on an extensive and pioneering body of research led by the Glasgow Centre for Population Health (GCPH) to paint a detailed picture of health across Scotland and Glasgow over time. Second, drawing on Scottish, UK and international literature, it presents a summary of explanations as to why Glasgow finds itself with its current health profile. Our argument is not to say that Glasgow's health profile has a different set of causes from those driving health and inequalities in cities across the world but that, in the context of post-industrial cities at least, these causes have aligned in particularly detrimental ways and have been insufficiently mitigated. The chapter should be read within the context of a wealth of international research that recognises that enduring socio-economic inequalities in health may have proximal causes relating to health-related behaviours, but that these can only be properly understood within a ‘fundamental causes’ framework which sees a range of political processes and their ensuing material and psychosocial realities as the drivers of health inequalities (McCartney et al, 2013).
Scotland, Glasgow and west central Scotland: contemporary health profiles in context
The comparatively poor contemporary health profiles of Scotland and, in particular, Glasgow and its post-industrial conurbation of West Central Scotland (WCS) have become widely known. Moving far beyond, and countering, stereotypical portrayals of poor health as being innate to Scots and Glaswegians, the extensive body of work of the Glasgow Centre for Population Health (GCPH) offers a detailed understanding of the health profiles of these populations as they have been shaped over time. This body of work is comprised mainly of epidemiological research, involving analyses of statistical data available at a population-wide level to map inequalities in health outcomes across and between different population groups over time. These health outcomes are primarily measured by life expectancy – the average number of years someone from a defined population can be expected to live for – and by mortality and morbidity rates; respectively, the frequency of deaths, or of an incidence of a specific disease or medical condition, across a given population over a given period of time (typically per year).
Early adulthood psychiatric diagnoses and the subsequent risk of life-time incarceration: a cohort study
- Sophie D. Walsh, Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Itzhak Levav, Mark Weiser, Gilad Gal
-
- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 50 / Issue 11 / August 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 August 2019, pp. 1906-1913
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Background
The association between incarceration and psychiatric disorders has been noted. Yet, existing studies are cross-sectional or examine the risk of recidivism, which has limited the predictive validity of psychiatric disorders as a risk factor for incarceration. To overcome this limitation, this study used a prospective cohort to examine whether psychiatric diagnoses in early adulthood predicted incarceration throughout a 30-year follow-up. It tested the association between psychiatric diagnoses with future incarcerations, their number and durations, controlling for education and ethnic status.
MethodsThis study merged data from three sources in Israel: a prospective 10-year birth cohort study of young adults aged 25–34, conducted in the 1980s (N = 4914) that included a psychiatric interview; data from the Prison Service, including the cause, number and duration of incarcerations; and from the Vital Statistics Registry on death records.
ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that substance-use disorders, antisocial personality and lower levels of education predicted future incarceration, their number and maximum duration. The remainder diagnoses were not significantly associated with future incarceration.
ConclusionsResults limited the prediction of future incarcerations to persons diagnosed with substance use and antisocial personality, and do not support an independent predictive association between additional psychiatric diagnoses and future incarceration.
Dense Gas Towards the RX J1713.7–3946 Supernova Remnant
- Nigel I. Maxted, Gavin P. Rowell, Bruce R. Dawson, Michael G. Burton, Yasuo Fukui, Jasmina Lazendic, Akiko Kawamura, Hirotaka Horachi, Hidetoshi Sano, Andrew J. Walsh, Satoshi Yoshiike, Tatsuya Fukuda
-
- Journal:
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia / Volume 30 / 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 November 2013, e055
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- HTML
- Export citation
-
We present results from a Mopra 7 mm-wavelength survey that targeted the dense gas-tracing CS(1-0) transition towards the young γ-ray-bright supernova remnant, RX J1713.7–3946 (SNR G 347.3−0.5). In a hadronic γ-ray emission scenario, where cosmic ray (CR) protons interact with gas to produce the observed γ-ray emission, the mass of potential CR target material is an important factor. We summarise newly discovered dense gas components, towards Cores G and L, and Clumps N1, N2, N3, and T1, which have masses of 1 – 104 M⊙. We argue that these components are not likely to contribute significantly to γ-ray emission in a hadronic γ-ray emission scenario. This would be the case if RX J1713.7–3946 were at either the currently favoured distance of ~1 kpc or an alternate distance (as suggested in some previous studies) of ~6 kpc.
This survey also targeted the shock-tracing SiO molecule. Although no SiO emission corresponding to the RX J1713.7–3946 shock was observed, vibrationally excited SiO(1-0) maser emission was discovered towards what may be an evolved star. Observations taken 1 yr apart confirmed a transient nature, since the intensity, line-width, and central velocity of SiO(J = 1-0,v = 1,2) emission varied significantly.
Subjective well-being amongst community-dwelling elders: what determines satisfaction with life? Findings from the Dublin Healthy Aging Study
- Aine M. Ní Mhaoláin, Damien Gallagher, Henry O Connell, A. V. Chin, Irene Bruce, Fiona Hamilton, Erin Teehee, Robert Coen, Davis Coakley, Conal Cunningham, J. B. Walsh, Brian A. Lawlor
-
- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 24 / Issue 2 / February 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 July 2011, pp. 316-323
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Background: Life satisfaction is a subjective expression of well-being and successful aging. Subjective well-being is a major determinant of health outcomes in older people. The aim of this study was to determine which factors predicted well-being in older people living in the community as measured by their satisfaction with life.
Methods: The relationship between life satisfaction, as measured by the Life Satisfaction Index (LSI-A) and physical, cognitive and demographic variables was examined in 466 older people living in the community using a stepwise regression model
Results: Depression, loneliness, neuroticism, extraversion, recent participation in physical activity, age and self-reported exhaustion, were the independent predictors of life satisfaction in our elderly cohort.
Conclusion: Subjective well-being, as measured by the Life Satisfaction Scale, is predicted by depression, loneliness, personality traits, recent participation in physical activity and self-reported exhaustion. The mental and emotional status of older individuals, as well as their engagement in physical activity, are as important as physical functionality when it comes to life satisfaction as a measure of well-being and successful aging. These areas represent key targets for intervention.
Contributors
-
- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
-
- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
-
- Chapter
- Export citation
Analysis of Human Genetic Linkage. By Jurg Ott. Second revised edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 1991. US $47.50.
- J. Bruce Walsh
-
- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 61 / Issue 3 / June 1993
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2009, p. 236
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
Theoretical population Genetics. By J. S. Gale. London: Unwin Hyman. 1990. 417 pages. £50.00 Hardback, ISBN 0 04 575 026 2; £17.95 paperback, ISBN 0 04 575 027 0.
- J. Bruce Walsh
-
- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 58 / Issue 1 / August 1991
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2009, pp. 91-92
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
Unusual behaviour of linkage disequilibrium in two-locus gene conversion models
- J. Bruce Walsh
-
- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 51 / Issue 1 / February 1988
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2009, pp. 55-58
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
The amount of linkage of disequilibrium maintained in a two-locus infinite population model by gene conversion and recombination is examined. Intrachromosomal conversion (conversion between different loci on the same chromosome) generates positive linkage disequilibrium. Specifically, = p(1 − p) [1 − r/(γ + r − γr)], where p is the frequency of allele A at both loci, r is the recombination rate between loci and γ is the per-gamete conversion rate. Somewhat unexpectedly, interchromosomal conversion (conversion between loci on different chromosomes) also generates positive disequilibrium, albeit very small. More interestingly, the behaviour of this disequilibrium as a function of recombination is unusual. If β is the interchromosomal conversion rate between a pair of loci, then = p(1 − p) [rβ/(β+r − βr)]. increases with increasing recombination, being zero for the case of complete linkage (r = 0), and maximized at r = 1/2. This unusual behaviour can be accounted for by the generation of excess coupling gametes when an interchromosomal conversion event is followed by recombination.
The Evolutionary Process (second edition). By Verne Grant. Columbia University Press. 1991. 487 pages. Hardback $52.00. ISBN 0 231 07324 0.
- J. Bruce Walsh
-
- Journal:
- Genetical Research / Volume 59 / Issue 3 / June 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 April 2009, pp. 245-246
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
What a Disaster?! Assessing Utility of Simulated Disaster Exercise and Educational Process for Improving Hospital Preparedness
- Bruce H. Bartley, Julian B. Stella, Liam D. Walsh
-
- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 21 / Issue 4 / August 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 June 2012, pp. 249-255
- Print publication:
- August 2006
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Introduction:
Recent events have brought disaster medicine into the public focus. Both the government and communities expect hospitals to be prepared to cope with all types of emergencies. Disaster simulations are the traditional method of testing hospital disaster plans, but a recent, comprehensive, literature review failed to find any substantial scientific data proving the benefit of these resource and time-consuming exercises.
Objectives:The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that an audiovisual presentation of the hospital disaster plans followed by a simulated disaster exercise and debriefing improved staff knowledge, confidence, and hospital preparedness for disasters.
Methods:A survey of 50 members of the medical, nursing, and administrative staff were chosen from a pool of approximately 170 people likely to be in a position of responsibility in the event of a disaster.The pre-intervention survey tested factual knowledge as well as perceptions about individual and departmental preparedness. Post-intervention, the same 50 staff members were asked to repeat the survey, which included additional questions establishing their involvement in the exercise.
Results:There were 50 pre-intervention tests and 42 post-intervention tests. The intervention resulted in a significant improvement in test pass rate: preintervention pass rate 9/50 (18%, 95% confidence interval ((CI) = 16.1–19.9%) versus post-intervention pass rate 21/42 (50%, 95% CI = 42.4–57.6%; X2 test, p = 0.002). Emergency department (ED) staff had a stronger baseline knowledge than non-ED staff: ED pre-test mean value for scores = 12.1 versus nonED scores of 6.2 (difference 5.9, 95% CI = 3.3–8.4); t-test, p <0.001. Those that attended >1 component had a greater increase in mean scores: increase in mean attendees was 5.6, versus the scores of non-attendees of 2.7 (difference 2.9, 95% CI = 1.0–4.9); t-test, p = 0.004. There was no significant increase in the general perception of preparedness. However, the majority of those surveyed described the exercise of benefit to themselves (53.7%,95% CI = 45.5–61.8%) and their department (63.2%, 95% CI = 53.5–72.8%).
Conclusions:The disaster exercise and educational process had the greatest benefit for individuals and departments involved directly. The intervention also prompted enterprise-wide review, and an upgrade of disaster plans at departmental levels. Pre-intervention knowledge scores were poor. Post-intervention knowledge base remained suboptimal, despite a statistically significant improvement. This study supports the widely held belief that disaster simulation is a worthwhile exercise, but more must be done. More time and resources must be dedicated to the increasingly important field of hospital disaster preparedness.
The utility of naming tests in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
- Robert F Coen, Nicholas Kidd, Aisling Denihan, Conal Cunningham, Irene Bruce, Fiona Buggy, Desmond O'Neill, J Bernard Walsh, Davis Coakley, Brian A Lawlor
-
- Journal:
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 16 / Issue 2 / June 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, pp. 43-46
- Print publication:
- June 1999
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity of the CAMCOG naming subscale to anomia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients identified as anomic on the Boston Naming Test (BNT); and to compare the sensitivities of BNT, category (semantic) fluency (CF), and episodic memory (Delayed Word Recall, DWR) in detecting AD.
Method: Data from 140 probable AD patients (NINCDS/ADRDA) were analysed. Anomic AD patients were identified (BNT) and the sensitivity to anomia of the CAMCOG naming subscale was calculated. Sensitivity (to AD) and specificity of the BNT, CF and DWR were compared in a subgroup of 60 patients age-matched to controls.
Results: On BNT 81% of ADs were classified as anomic (87% specificity). Of these anomic ADs, 23 scored 6/6 on CAMCOG naming (sensitivity = 80%), and sensitivity fell to 30% using a 5/6 cut-off. Correlation between BNT and CAMCOG naming yielded Kendall's tau = 0.48 (p<0.0001). Compared to age-matched controls BNT correctly classified 70% of ADs and 87% of controls (overall accuracy = 77%). On CF 68% of ADs and 83% of controls were correctly classified (overall accuracy = 72%). BNT and CF were moderately correlated (r = 0.49, p<0.0001). DWR correctly classified 93% ADs and 98% controls (overall accuracy = 95%).
Conclusions: Given its brevity, we recommend the inclusion of a split-half form of the BNT in screening test batteries for the detection of AD. The observed pattern of cognitive impairment is consistent with current models in which semantic memory deficits occur in AD only when the neuropathology extends beyond the entorhinal/hippocampal region to the temporal neocortex.
Prevalence of mental illness in an elderly community dwelling population using AGECAT
- Brian A Lawlor, Alicja Radic, Irene Bruce, Gregory RJ Swanwick, Fergus O' Kelly, Michael O'Doherty, J Bernard Walsh, Davis Coakley
-
- Journal:
- Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine / Volume 11 / Issue 4 / December 1994
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 June 2014, pp. 157-159
- Print publication:
- December 1994
-
- Article
- Export citation
-
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of a range of mental disorders in an elderly community dwelling population in Dublin using AGECAT, a reliable and standardised computerised diagnostic system that has been previously validated in community epidemiological surveys.
Methods: A total of 451 individuals over the age of 65 in a GP group practice were interviewed using AGECAT.
Results: Approximately one in five subjects had a mental illness according to AGECAT criteria. The prevalence of depression was 13.1% and did not change appreciably with age. 5.5% of subjects met organic ‘case’ criteria, and the frequency of organic cases increased with age, approximating 15% in the over 80 year age group. Neurotic disorders occurred with very low frequency, representing 1.1% of the subjects tested.
Conclusions: These findings have implications for mentalhealth services planning at a local level, and underscore the utility of AGECAT as a tool for comparative crosscultural epidemiological surveys.