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Is lethality different between males and females? Clinical and gender differences in inpatients suicide attempters
- I. Berardelli, E. Rogante, S. Sarubbi, D. Erbuto, M. Cifrodelli, C. Concolato, M. Pasquini, D. Lester, M. Innamorati, M. Pompili
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S315-S316
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Introduction
According to the gender paradox,in suicidology an important sex difference has been reported with a preponderance of females in nonfatal suicidal behavior and a preponderance of males in completed suicide.The lethality of suicidal behavior in females is lower most likely because males choose more violent suicide methods.Furthermore,women more frequently present traditional risk factors for suicide than do men,including depression,childhood sexual abuse, and prior suicidal ideation and attempts.
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore possible clinical differences between male and female psychiatric inpatients who had recently attempted suicide.We hypothesized that clinical characteristics such as psychiatric diagnosis,the methods and lethality of the suicide attempt,the history of suicide attempts,age at onset of psychiatric illness,the presence of substance or alcohol use and the length of stay differ between male and female suicide attempters.
MethodsThe study included 177 adult inpatients at the University Psychiatric Clinic, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome hospitalized following a suicide attempt, between January 2018 and May 2022.Clinical features assessed included psychiatric diagnosis, method and lethality of suicide attempts using the Risk-Rescue Rating Scale, the history of suicide attempts, age at onset of psychiatric illness, the presence of substance or alcohol use, and the length of stay.All statistical analyses were performed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS 27.0).
ResultsMales and females differed according to the method used for suicide attempt(x23=10.96,p<0.05),the scores for risk and rescue(t175=2.55,p<0.05;t146.6=-1.99,p<0.05,respectively),and the length of stay(U= 3084.5,p<0.05).Females were more likely to use drug/poisoning ingestion as method for suicide attempt than were males(72.8% vs.51.4%),whereas males were more likely to use hanging than were females(20.3% vs. 6.8%).The risk score was higher for males(3.76±0.68)than for females(3.49±0.72),and the rescue score was higher for females than for males(2.79±1.09 vs. 2.43±1.22).Finally,the length of stay was longer for males than for females(10.66±8.09 vs. 8.25±6.48).These results confirm the role of difference in suicide methods used by males and females for explaining the “gender paradox.”
ConclusionsThe present study illustrates the usefulness of the Risk-Rescue Rating Scale which is a descriptive and quantitative method of assessing the lethality of suicide attempts.Identifying sex related characteristics of suicide risk in patients is important for implementing specific suicide prevention strategies to reduce suicidal intent, psychological pain and rehospitalization in patients with psychiatric disorders.Men and women may need different strategies for the prevention of future suicidal behavior.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
ADHD Dimension, Childhood trauma and Perceived Stress: an observational study on peripartum women affected by mood and anxiety disorders
- I. Bilotta, G. Anibaldi, L. Stampatore, C. Concolato, M. Medugno, A. Fattorini, L. Cutillo, S. Bernardi, G. Culicchia, A. Bassi de Toni, A. Del Casale, M. Pompili, G. Angeletti
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S651-S652
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Introduction
Pregnancy is an important life event, involving body and mind transformation as well as brain reorganization. ADHD dimension is an additional aggravating factor, albeit poorly studied in the literature, in patients with mental health disorders in the peripartum.
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation among ADHD dimension, trauma in childhood, and anxiety-depressive symptomatology to assess whether the ADHD dimension may affect the quality of life of peripartum patients, and to identify vulnerability factors and self-harm risk.
MethodsThe sample included 74 women aged 21-46 years, recruited from Sant’Andrea Hospital in Rome between 2015 and 2019. All recruited women were administered the following scales: Adult ADHD Self Report Scale (ASRS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson’s correlation with SPSS software to verify the presence of linear relationships (p<0.05) among theADHD dimension, assessed by the ASRS scale, and the other psychopathological dimensions.
ResultsThe sample was divided into two groups depending on the results of ASRS: 26 patients were positive for at least one of the ASRS scale items, while 48 patients were negative. The groups did not statistically differ in socio-demographic variables examined. The medium score at EPDS was 15,11 (± 8,43). It was found that the severity of ADHD dimension directly correlated with the duration of mental symptoms in peripartum (r=0.324;p=0.013), with the total CTQ scale score (r=0.342; p=0.004), with emotional abuse detected by CTQ (r=0.415; p<0.001), with emotional neglect detected by CTQ (r=0.291; p=0.014) and with perceived stress detected by PSS scale (r=0.456; p<0.001). Furthermore, we identified a correlation between self-injurious ideation and ADHD symptomatology (r=0.269; p =0.049) evaluating the item 10 of EPDS.
ConclusionsThe severity of ADHD traits directly correlates with the symptomatology and duration of mental disorder in peripartum. Specifically, ADHD patients who develop anxious-depressive symptoms are more likely to have experienced emotional abuse and emotional neglect in childhood.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared