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Étude psychométrique des facteurs émotionnels et motivationnels impliqués dans la prise alimentaire
- L. Bourdier, C. Carre, C. Dantzer, L. Romo, S. Berthoz
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 30 / Issue S2 / November 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 April 2020, p. S109
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Le concept d’alimentation émotionnelle se définit comme le fait de moduler la consommation alimentaire en réponse à un ressenti émotionnel plutôt qu’à celui de la faim ou de la satiété [1]. Il postule que l’affectivité ferait partie des traits psychologiques qui augmentent ou diminuent la consommation alimentaire et le contrôle du poids. Le recours à l’alimentation émotionnelle est de plus en plus mis en cause dans la surconsommation (overeating) et l’obésité [2], et les différents sous-types de troubles du comportement alimentaire [3]. Si des études suggèrent qu’adopter un comportement alimentaire « de réconfort » peut avoir des effets délétères, on ne sait pas encore dans quelle mesure certaines ou toutes les émotions sont associées à des modifications importantes de la prise alimentaire. L’objectif de l’étude était de mieux identifier si toutes ou certaines émotions favorisent l’émergence de l’alimentation émotionnelle, et quelles sont les personnes les plus vulnérables. Des étudiants (n = 149 ; âge = 21,5 ± 2,9 ; 81,9 % femmes) ont complété des évaluations de l’alimentation émotionnelle (EMAQ), l’alimentation intuitive (IES), l’addiction à l’alimentation (YFAS) ainsi que la personnalité affective (ANPS). Des corrélations bivariées (Spearman) et des régressions linéaires ont été menées. L’effet de la catégorie d’IMC a été analysé par des tests de Mann-Withney. On retrouve des associations significatives entre la personnalité affective et : la propension à moduler sa prise alimentaire (ex. : EMAQ-émotions négatives/ANPS-négatif Rho = –0,17, p = 0,04 ; IES-Total/ANPS-Tristesse Rho = –0,19, p = 0,03) et à présenter des symptômes d’addiction alimentaire (e.g. YFAS-Sevrage/ANPS-Tristesse Rho = 0,18, p = 0,04). L’alimentation émotionnelle et l’alimentation intuitive prédisent l’IMC (EMAQ-négatif/IMC : = 0,17, p = 0,04 ; IES-Total/IMC : = –0,17, p = 0,04). Le fait de moduler la consommation alimentaire indépendamment de la sensation de faim ou de la satiété (IES-signaux internes) est significativement plus marqué chez les étudiants en surpoids/obèses (p = 0,03). L’étude confirme l’importance de prendre en compte le recours à l’alimentation comme une stratégie potentiellement inadaptée de régulation émotionnelle et ses conséquences sur la santé.
Contributors
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- By Ioannis P. Androulakis, Djillali Annane, Gérard Audibert, Lisa L. Barnes, Paolo Bartolomeo, Walter S. Bartynski, David A. Bennett, Nicolas Bruder, Nathan E. Brummel, Steve E. Calvano, Alain Cariou, F. Chretien, Jan Claassen, Colm Cunningham, Souhayl Dahmani, Robert Dantzer, Dimitry S. Davydow, Sanjay V. Desai, E. Wesley Ely, Frédéric Faugeras, Karen J. Ferguson, Brandon Foreman, Sadanand M. Gaikwad, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Maura A. Grega, Richard D. Griffiths, Marion Griton, Stefan D. Gurney, Hebah M. Hefzy, Michael T. Heneka, Dustin M. Hipp, Ramona O. Hopkins, Christopher G. Hughes, James C. Jackson, Christina Jones, Peter W. Kaplan, Keith W. Kelley, Raymond C. Koehler, Matthew A. Koenig, Jan Pieter Konsman, Felix Kork, John P. Kress, Stephen F. Lowry, Alawi Luetz, David Luis, Alasdair M. J. MacLullich, Guy M. McKhann, Jean Mantz, Panteleimon D. Mavroudis, Mervyn Maze, Bruno Mégarbane, Lionel Naccache, Dale M. Needham, Pratik P. Pandharipande, Jean-Francois Payen, V. Hugh Perry, Margaret Pisani, C. Rauturier, Benjamin Rohaut, Jennifer Ryan, Robert D. Sanders, Jeremy D. Scheff, Frederic Sedel, Ola A. Selnes, Tarek Sharshar, Martin Siegemund, Yoanna Skrobik, Jamie W. Sleigh, Romain Sonneville, Claudia D. Spies, Luzius A. Steiner, Robert D. Stevens, Raoul Sutter, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Richard E. Temes, Willem A. van Gool, Christel C. Vanbesien, F. Verdonk, Odile Viltart, Julia Wendon, Catherine N. Widmann, Robert S. Wilson
- Edited by Robert D. Stevens, Tarek Sharshar, E. Wesley Ely, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- Brain Disorders in Critical Illness
- Published online:
- 05 October 2013
- Print publication:
- 19 September 2013, pp viii-xii
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The topography, architecture and structure of the enteric nervous system in the jejunum and ileum of cattle
- O. B. BALEMBA, G. K. MBASSA, W. D. SEMUGURUKA, R. J. ASSEY, C. K. B. KAHWA, A. HAY-SCHMIDT, V. DANTZER
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 195 / Issue 1 / July 1999
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 July 1999, pp. 1-9
- Print publication:
- July 1999
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To date, there appear to have been no detailed and clear descriptions of the nerve plexuses and their subdivisions in the intestine of cattle. In this study, the enteric nervous system in the jejunum and ileum of 12 1-y-old calves was examined using neurofilament protein and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunohistochemistry in wholemounts and paraffin sections combined with staining of paraffin and historesin sections with haematoxylin and eosin. The main organisation of the plexuses was similar to that of the pig, horse and man with external and internal submucous plexuses being morphologically distinct, with further subdivisions of the internal submucous plexus into the external and internal subplexuses. However, in contrast to pig, horse and man, the submucous layer was firmly attached to the inner circular muscle layer. The myenteric plexus was well developed with large ganglia, and primary and secondary nerve strands. Its main axis was oriented parallel to the outer longitudinal smooth muscle; large ganglia and primary nerve strands fused to form complex ganglia, and 2 types of tertiary nerve strands were observed. Antibodies to neurofilament proteins and vasoactive intestinal peptide revealed adendritic, pseudouniaxonal or multiaxonal type II neurons only in the myenteric and submucous plexuses. This appears to be the first report of the identification of isolated uniaxonal, multidendritic type IV neurons in the mucous pericryptal plexus. The new information presented here provides further evidence for the existence of anatomical and functional differences between the external and internal submucous plexuses and for supporting the nomenclature proposed earlier.
Fetal villosity and microvasculature of the bovine placentome in the second half of gestation
- R. LEISER, C. KREBS, K. KLISCH, B. EBERT, V. DANTZER, G. SCHULER, B. HOFFMANN
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Anatomy / Volume 191 / Issue 4 / November 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 1997, pp. 517-527
- Print publication:
- November 1997
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The architecture of the fetal villous tree and its vasculature in the bovine placentome were studied in the second half of gestation using both conventional histology and histology of ink-filled blood vessels. These were compared with corrosion casts of plastic fillings of the vasculature, prepared for scanning electron microscopy. This combination of morphological methods allows perception of the villous tree throughout gestation from broad-conical to tall-conical form where branch ramification occurs mainly at right angles to the stem. The stem villus typically contains a single central artery and several peripheral veins arranged in parallel. The proximal branches to the stem, the intermediate villi, contain a central arteriole and accompanying venules. The distal branches, the terminal villi, enclose capillary convolutions which consist of an afferent arterial capillary limb, capillary loops and efferent venous capillary limbs. Vascular interconnections exist within the terminal villi, as capillaries or venules between the capillary convolutions, serially bridging them in up to 5 places, and as capillary anastomoses between the capillary loops. Coiling and sinusoidal dilatations of these loops develop near the end of gestation. The intraplacentomal rearrangement of villous trees with progressive gestation and their morphological vascular adaptations are discussed in relation to placental function, including the ever increasing need for transplacental substance exchange. This adaptation allows the blood to traverse the shortest possible arterioarteriolar route to the periphery of the trees where exchange takes place. The need for an increasing blood flow stimulates capillary growth and at the same time optimises the blood flow reaching the placental barrier represented by the vessel cast surface. The capillaries also carry the blood back into the very voluminous system of venules and veins where back diffusion may occur. The total volume of terminal villi of bovine placentome, the ‘working part’ of villous trees, hence distinctly increases with respect to the stem and intermediate villi, the ‘supplying part’ of the villous tree. In morphological terms the efficiency of the bovine transplacental diffusional exchange is higher than in the closely related ‘co-ruminants’ sheep and goats and distinctly higher when compared with the human placenta.