18 results
Evaluation of CryoSat-2 derived sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
- D. Price, J. Beckers, R. Ricker, N. Kurtz, W. Rack, C. Haas, V. Helm, S. Hendricks, G. Leonard, P.J. Langhorne
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- Journal:
- Journal of Glaciology / Volume 61 / Issue 226 / 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 July 2017, pp. 285-300
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Using in situ data from 2011 and 2013, we evaluate the ability of CryoSat-2 (CS-2) to retrieve sea-ice freeboard over fast ice in McMurdo Sound. This provides the first systematic validation of CS-2 in the coastal Antarctic and offers insight into the assumptions currently used to process CS-2 data. European Space Agency Level 2 (ESAL2) data are compared with results of a Waveform Fitting (WfF) procedure and a Threshold-First-Maximum-Retracker-Algorithm employed at 40% (TFMRA40). A supervised freeboard retrieval procedure is used to reduce errors associated with sea surface height identification and radar velocity in snow. We find ESAL2 freeboards located between the ice and snow freeboard rather than the frequently assumed snow/ice interface. WfF is within 0.04 m of the ice freeboard but is influenced by variable snow conditions causing increased radar backscatter from the air/snow interface. Given such snow conditions and additional uncertainties in sea surface height identification, a positive bias of 0.14 m away from the ice freeboard is observed. TFMRA40 freeboards are within 0.03 m of the snow freeboard. The separation of freeboard estimates is primarily driven by the different assumptions of each retracker, although waveform alteration by variations in snow properties and surface roughness is evident. Techniques are amended where necessary, and automatic freeboard retrieval procedures for ESAL2, WfF and TFMRA40 are presented. CS-2 detects annual fast-ice freeboard trends using all three automatic procedures that are in line with known sea-ice growth rates in the region.
C and N models Intercomparison – benchmark and ensemble model estimates for grassland production
- R. Sándor, F. Ehrhardt, B. Basso, G. Bellocchi, A. Bhatia, L. Brilli, M. De Antoni Migliorati, J. Doltra, C. Dorich, L. Doro, N. Fitton, S. J. Giacomini, P. Grace, B. Grant, M. T. Harrison, S. Jones, M. U. F. Kirschbaum, K. Klumpp, P. Laville, J. Léonard, M. Liebig, M. Lieffering, R. Martin, R. McAuliffe, E. Meier, L. Merbold, A. Moore, V. Myrgiotis, P. Newton, E. Pattey, S. Recous, S. Rolinski, J. Sharp, R. S. Massad, P. Smith, W. Smith, V. Snow, L. Wu, Q. Zhang, J. F. Soussana
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- Journal:
- Advances in Animal Biosciences / Volume 7 / Issue 3 / November 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 October 2016, pp. 245-247
- Print publication:
- November 2016
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Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptom relationships in a psychiatric sample
- C. Beard, A. J. Millner, M. J. C. Forgeard, E. I. Fried, K. J. Hsu, M. T. Treadway, C. V. Leonard, S. J. Kertz, T. Björgvinsson
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 46 / Issue 16 / December 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 September 2016, pp. 3359-3369
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Background
Researchers have studied psychological disorders extensively from a common cause perspective, in which symptoms are treated as independent indicators of an underlying disease. In contrast, the causal systems perspective seeks to understand the importance of individual symptoms and symptom-to-symptom relationships. In the current study, we used network analysis to examine the relationships between and among depression and anxiety symptoms from the causal systems perspective.
MethodWe utilized data from a large psychiatric sample at admission and discharge from a partial hospital program (N = 1029, mean treatment duration = 8 days). We investigated features of the depression/anxiety network including topology, network centrality, stability of the network at admission and discharge, as well as change in the network over the course of treatment.
ResultsIndividual symptoms of depression and anxiety were more related to other symptoms within each disorder than to symptoms between disorders. Sad mood and worry were among the most central symptoms in the network. The network structure was stable both at admission and between admission and discharge, although the overall strength of symptom relationships increased as symptom severity decreased over the course of treatment.
ConclusionsExamining depression and anxiety symptoms as dynamic systems may provide novel insights into the maintenance of these mental health problems.
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- By Blair C. Armstrong, David A. Balota, Lawrence W. Barsalou, Jos J. A. Van Berkum, Lera Boroditsky, Gregory A. Bryant, Cristina Cacciari, Joana Cholin, Morten H. Christiansen, Stella Christie, Eve V. Clark, Herbert H. Clark, Eliana Colunga, John F. Connolly, Michael J. Cortese, Seana Coulson, George S. Cree, Christopher M. Crew, Gary S. Dell, Kevin Diependaele, Judit Druks, Thomas A. Farmer, Anne Fernald, Kelly Forbes, Carol A. Fowler, Michael Frank, Stephen J. Frost, Dedre Gentner, Raymond W. Gibbs, Monica Gonzalez-Marquez, Arthur C. Graesser, Jonathan Grainger, Zenzi M. Griffin, Mary Hare, Harlan D. Harris, Marc F. Joanisse, Leonard Katz, Albert Kim, Gina R. Kuperberg, Nicole Landi, Birte Loenneker-Rodman, Danielle S. MacNamara, James S. Magnuson, Ken McRae, W. Einar Mencl, Daniel Mirman, Jennifer B. Misyak, Srini Narayanan, Kate Nation, Randy L. Newman, Lee Osterhout, Roberto Padovani, Karalyn Patterson, Kenneth R. Pugh, Terry Regier, Douglas Roland, Jay G. Rueckl, Vasile Rus, Jenny R. Saffran, Sarah D. Sahni, Arthur G. Samuel, Rebecca Sandak, Dominiek Sandra, Sophie Scott, Mark S. Seidenberg, Linda B. Smith, Michael J. Spivey, Meghan Sumner, Daniel Tranel, Gabriella Vigliocco, Nicole L. Wilson, Anna Woollams
- Edited by Michael Spivey, Ken McRae, University of Western Ontario, Marc Joanisse, University of Western Ontario
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- The Cambridge Handbook of Psycholinguistics
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- 05 November 2012
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- 20 August 2012, pp xi-xiv
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- By Dag Aarsland, Adrià Arboix, Carlos Bazán, James T. Becker, Sylvie Belleville, Kevin M. Biglan, Sandra E. Black, Mariana Blanco, Rémi W. Bouchard, Bruce J. Brew, David J. Burn, Leonardo Caixeta, Richard Camicioli, Paulo Caramelli, Neil Cashman, Nicholas W. S. Davies, Yan Deschaintre, Rachel S. Doody, Bruno Dubois, Uwe Ehrt, Stephane Epelbaum, Ryan V. V. Evans, Joseph M. Ferrara, Bruno Franchi, Morris Freedman, Anders Gade, Serge Gauthier, Marta Grau-Olivares, Matthew E. Growdon, Will Guest, Marie Christie Guiot, Shahul Hameed, Mirna Lie Hosogi-Senaha, Ging-Yuek Robin Hsiung, Masamichi Ikawa, Rajive Jassal, Vesna Jelic, Peter Johannsen, Edward S. Johnson, Mary M. Kenan, Bert-Jan Kerklaan, Benjamin Lam, Gabriel C. Léger, Gabriel Leonard, Emilie Lepage, Irene Litvan, Oscar L. Lopez, Ian R. A. Mackenzie, Mario Masellis, Fodi Massoud, Paige Moorhouse, John C. Morris, Taim Muayqil, Yannick Nadeau, Inger Nennesmo, Jørgen E. Nielsen, Ricardo Nitrini, Sven-Eric Pålhagen, Robert Perry, Gerald Pfeffer, Machiel Pleizier, Steffen Plickert, Gil D. Rabinovici, Philippe H. Robert, Lothar Resch, Gustavo C. Román, Maxime Ros, Pedro Rosa-Neto, Aiman Sanosi, Philip Scheltens, Christian Schmidt, Eric Schmidt, Jean-Paul Soucy, Jette Stokholm, David Summers, Rawan Tarawneh, Louis Verret, Huali Wang, Bengt Winblad, Makoto Yoneda, Xin Yu, Inga Zerr
- Edited by Serge Gauthier, McGill University, Montréal, Pedro Rosa-Neto, McGill University, Montréal
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- Case Studies in Dementia
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- 16 May 2011
- Print publication:
- 21 April 2011, pp viii-xiv
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- By Leonard A. Adler, Henrik Anckarsäter, L. Eugene Arnold, Philip J. Asherson, Russell Barkley, Joseph Biederman, Andrew D. Blackwell, Jessica Bramham, Thomas E. Brown, Richard Bruggeman, Jan K. Buitelaar, C. Keith Conners, Jonathan H. Dowson, Steve V. Faraone, Christopher Gibbins, Christopher Gillberg, I. Carina Gillberg, Ylva Ginsberg, Laurence L. Greenhill, Julia D. Hunter, Cornelis C. Kan, Ronald C. Kessler, Scott H. Kollins, J. J. Sandra Kooij, Johanna Krause, Jonna Kuntsi, Florence Levy, Stephen P. McDermott, Gráinne McLoughlin, Mitul A. Mehta, Asko Niemela, Eleni Paliokosta, Yannis Paloyelis, Vangelis Pappas, Patricia Quinn, Maria Råstam, Doris Ryffel, David Shaw, Seija Sirviö, Thomas Spencer, Lacramioara Spetie, Siegfried Tuinier, Fiona E. van Dijk, Anne M. D. N. van Lammeren, Wim J. C. Verbeeck, Margaret Weiss, Timothy E. Wilens, Kiriakos Xenitidis
- Edited by Jan K. Buitelaar, Cornelis C. Kan, Philip Asherson, Institute of Psychiatry, London
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- ADHD in Adults
- Published online:
- 04 April 2011
- Print publication:
- 03 March 2011, pp vii-ix
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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- By Shanley Allen, Edith L. Bavin, Judith Becker Bryant, Heike Behrens, Ruth A. Berman, Eve V. Clark, Stephen Crain, Suzanne Curtin, Katherine Demuth, Rory A. DePaolis, Cristina D. Dye, Claire Foley, Angela D. Friederici, Susan Goldin-Meadow, Barbara Höhle, Dan Hufnagle, Tamar Keren-Portnoy, Laurence B. Leonard, Diane Lillo-Martin, Catherine Lord, Barbara C. Lust, Rhiannon J. Luyster, Barbara Zurer Pearson, Fiona M. Richardson, Jesse Snedeker, Sabine Stoll, Erik Thiessen, Michael S. C. Thomas, Michael Tomasello, J. Bruce Tomblin, Kamil Ud Deen, Virginia Valian, Marilyn M. Vihman
- Edited by Edith L. Bavin, La Trobe University, Victoria
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- The Cambridge Handbook of Child Language
- Published online:
- 05 June 2012
- Print publication:
- 23 March 2009, pp ix-x
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Using Multi-Band Photometry to Classify Supernovae
- Dovi Poznanski, Avishay Gal-Yam, Dan Maoz, Alexei V. Filippenko, Douglas C. Leonard, Thomas Matheson
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- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 192 / 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 September 2016, pp. 373-377
- Print publication:
- 2005
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Large numbers of supernovae (SNe) have been discovered in recent years, and many more will be found in the near future. Once discovered, further study of a SN and its possible use as an astronomical tool (e.g., as a distance estimator) require knowledge of the SN type. Current classification methods rely almost solely on the analysis of SN spectra to determine their type. However, spectroscopy may not be possible or practical. We present a classification method for SNe based on the comparison of their observed colors with synthetic ones, calculated from a large database of multi-epoch optical spectra of nearby events. Broadband photometry at optical wavelengths allows classification of SNe up to z = 0.75, and the use of infrared bands extends it further to z = 2.5. We demonstrate the applicability of this method, outline the observational data required to further improve the usefulness of the method, and discuss prospects for its use on future SN samples. Community access to the tools developed is provided by a dedicated website.
SN 1994W: Evidence of Explosive Mass Ejection a Few Years Before Explosion
- Nikolai N. Chugai, Robert J. Cumming, Sergei I. Blinnikov, Peter Lundqvist, Alexei V. Filippenko, Aaron J. Barth, Angela Bragaglia, Douglas C. Leonard, Thomas Matheson, Jesper Sollerman
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- Journal:
- International Astronomical Union Colloquium / Volume 192 / 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 September 2016, pp. 111-115
- Print publication:
- 2005
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We present and analyze spectra of the Type IIn supernova 1994W obtained between 18 and 202 days after explosion. During the first 100 days the line profiles are composed of three major components: (i) narrow P Cygni lines with absorption minima at −700 km s−1; (ii) broad emission lines with blue velocity at zero intensity ~ 4000 km s−1; (iii) broad, smooth, extended wings most apparent in Hα. These components are identified with the expanding circumstellar (CS) envelope [5], shocked cool gas in the forward postshock region, and multiple Thomson scattering in the CS envelope, respectively. The absence of broad P Cygni lines from the supernova (SN) is the result of the formation of an optically thick, cool, dense shell at the interface of the ejecta and the CS envelope. Models of the SN deceleration and Thomson scattering wings are used to recover the Thomson optical depth of the CS envelope, τT ≥ 2.5 during first month, its density (n ~ 109 cm-3) and radial extent, ~ (4 — 5) × 1015 cm. The plateau-like SN light curve, which we reproduce by a hydrodynamical model, is powered by a combination of internal energy leakage after the explosion of an extended presupernova (~ 1015 cm) and subsequent luminosity from circumstellar interaction. We recover the pre-explosion kinematics of the CS envelope and find it to be close to homologous expansion with outmost velocity ≈ 1100 km s-1 and a kinematic age of ~ 1.5 yr. The high mass (≈ 0.4 M⊙) and kinetic energy (≈ 2 × 1048 erg) of the CS envelope combined with small age strongly suggest that the CS envelope was explosively ejected only a few years before the SN explosion.
3 - Spectropolarimetric observations of supernovae
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- By A. V. Filippenko, Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720–3411, D. C. Leonard, Five College Astronomy Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003–9305
- Edited by Peter Höflich, University of Texas, Austin, Pawan Kumar, University of Texas, Austin, J. Craig Wheeler, University of Texas, Austin
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- Book:
- Cosmic Explosions in Three Dimensions
- Published online:
- 11 August 2009
- Print publication:
- 16 December 2004, pp 30-42
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Summary
Abstract
We briefly review the existing database of supernova spectropolarimetry, concentrating on recent data and on results from our group's research. Spectropolarimetry provides the only direct known probe of early-time supernova geometry. To obtain reliable conclusions, however, it is very important to correctly account for interstellar polarization. We find that Type IIn supernovae (SNe IIn) tend to be highly polarized, perhaps in part because of the interaction of the ejecta with an asymmetric circumstellar medium. In contrast, SNe II-P are not polarized much, at least shortly after the explosion. At later times, however, there is evidence for increasing polarization, as one views deeper into the expanding ejecta. Moreover, core-collapse SNe that have lost part (SN IIb) or all (SN Ib) of their hydrogen (or even helium; SN Ic) layers prior to the explosion tend to show substantial polarization; thus, the deeper we probe into core-collapse events, the greater the asphericity. There is now conclusive evidence that at least some SNe Ia are intrinsically polarized, although only by a small amount. Finally, SN spectropolarimetry provides the opportunity to study the fundamental properties of the interstellar dust in external galaxies. For example, we have found evidence for extremely high polarization efficiency for the dust along the line-of-sight to SN 1999gi in NGC 3184.
Introduction
Since extragalactic supernovae (SNe) are spatially unresolvable during the very early phases of their evolution, explosion geometry has been a difficult question to approach observationally.
Defects in SiC substrates and epitaxial layers affecting semiconductor device performance
- St. G. Müller, J. J. Sumakeris, M. F. Brady, R. C. Glass, H. McD. Hobgood, J. R. Jenny, R. Leonard, D. P. Malta, M. J. Paisley, A. R. Powell, V. F. Tsvetkov, S. T. Allen, M. K. Das, J. W. Palmour, C. H. Carter, Jr.
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- Journal:
- The European Physical Journal - Applied Physics / Volume 27 / Issue 1-3 / July 2004
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 July 2004, pp. 29-35
- Print publication:
- July 2004
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The current status of SiC bulk growth is reviewed, while specific attention is given to the effect of defects in SiC substrates and epitaxial layers on device performance and yield. The progress in SiC wafer quality is reflected in the achievement of micropipe densities as low as 0.92 cm−2 for a 3-inch n-type 4H-SiC wafer, which provides the basis for a high yielding fabrication process of large area SiC power devices. Using a Murphy Probe Yield Analysis for the breakdown characteristics of 10 kV PiN diodes we have extracted an “effective” defect density for 4H-SiC material to be as low as 30 cm−2, providing valuable information to further isolate and address the specific material defects critical for device performance. We address the problematic degradation of the forward characteristics (Vf-drift) of bipolar SiC PiN diodes [CITE]. The underlying mechanism due to stacking fault formation in the epitaxial layers and possible effects of device processing are investigated. An improved device design is demonstrated, which effectively stabilizes this Vf-drift. We show the progression in the development of semi-insulating SiC grown by the sublimation technique from extrinsically doped material to high purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC bulk crystals of up to 100 mm diameter without resorting to the intentional introduction of elemental deep level dopants, such as vanadium. Uniform resistivities in 3-inch HPSI wafers greater than 3 × 1011 Ω-cm have been achieved. Secondary ion mass spectrometry, deep level transient spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance data suggest that the semi-insulating behavior in HPSI material originates from deep levels associated with intrinsic point defects. MESFETs produced on HPSI wafers are free of backgating effects and have resulted in the best combination of power density and efficiency reported to date for SiC MESFETs of 5.2 W/mm and 63% power added efficiency (PAE) at 3.5 GHz.
2 - Vortices
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- By J. M. Lopez, A. D. Perry, P. Koumoutsakos, A. Leonard, M. P. Escudier, G. J. F. Van Heijst, R. C. Kloosterziel, C. W. M. Williams, H. Higuchi, H. Balligand, M. Visbal, G. D. Miller, C. H. K. Williamson, H. Higuchi, F. M. Payne, R. C. Nelson, T. T. Ng, Q. Rahaman, A. Alvarez-Toledo, B. Parker, C. M. Ho, T. Leweke, M. Provansal, D. Ormières, R. Lebescond, J. C. Owen, A. A. Szewczyk, P. W. Bearman, G. J. F. Van Heijst, J. B. Flór, C. Seren, M. V. Melander, N. J. Zabusky, P. Petitjeans, R. Hancock
- M. Samimy, Ohio State University, K. S. Breuer, Brown University, Rhode Island, L. G. Leal, University of California, Santa Barbara, P. H. Steen, Cornell University, New York
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- Book:
- A Gallery of Fluid Motion
- Published online:
- 25 January 2010
- Print publication:
- 12 January 2004, pp 11-27
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Summary
Periodic axisymmetric vortex breakdown in a cylinder with a rotating end wall
When the fluid inside a completely filled cylinder is set in motion by the rotation of the bottom end wall, steady and unsteady axisymmetric vortex breakdown is possible. The onset of unsteadiness is via a Hopf bifurcation.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the flow inside the cylinder where marker particles have been released from an elliptic ring concentric with the axis of symmetry near the top end wall. This periodic flow corresponds to a Reynolds number Re=2765 and cylinder aspect ratio H/R=2.5. Neighboring particles have been grouped to define a sheet of marker fluid and the local transparency of the sheet has been made proportional to its local stretching. The resultant dye sheet takes on an asymmetric shape, even though the flow is axisymmetric, due to the unsteadiness and the asymmetric release of marker particles.When the release is symmetric, as in Fig. 2, the dye sheet is also symmetric. These two figures are snapshots of the dye sheet after three periods of the oscillation (a period is approximately 36.3 rotations of the end wall). Figure 3 is a cross section of the dye sheet in Fig. 2 after 26 periods of the oscillation. Here only the marker particles are shown. They are colored according to their time of release, the oldest being blue, through green and yellow, and the most recently released being red. Comparison with Escudier's experiment shows very close agreement.
The particle equations of motion correspond to a Hamiltonian dynamical system and an appropriate.
Microbiological Hazards Related to Xenotransplantation of Porcine Organs Into Man
- Dominic C. Borie, Donald V. Cramer, Luu Phan-Thanh, Jean Christophe Vaillant, Jean Louis Bequet, Leonard Makowka, Laurent Hannoun
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 19 / Issue 5 / May 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2015, pp. 355-365
- Print publication:
- May 1998
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Pigs are emerging as the most likely providers of genetically engineered organs and cells for the purpose of clinical xenotransplantation. Introduction of clinical trials has been delayed primarily by uncertainties regarding the risk of swine pathogen transmission that could harm the recipient. The concern that xenotransplantation carries the potential for a new epidemic has been highlighted by recent experiences with both bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human immunodeficiency diseases.
As clinical trials have been postponed and xenotransplantation teams are working actively to gather data for an estimation of the risk, this review provides the reader with a state-of-the-art estimation of the microbiological hazards related to xenotransplantation of porcine organs to man. Particular emphasis is put on viral and retroviral hazards. Both current diagnostic tools and those under development are described, along with breeding strategies to provide donor animals that would not put the recipient or the general population at risk
The Decomposition Chemistry of an AlN Precursor Bis-Dimethylaluminum Deutero-Amide, [(CH3)2AlND2]3, as Revealed by Time-of-Flight Molecular beam mass Spectrometry
- Carmela C. Amato, John B. Hudson, Leonard V. Interrante
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 282 / 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 February 2011, 611
- Print publication:
- 1992
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A molecular beam mass spectrometer coupled to the inlet portion of a hot-wall CVD reactor has been used to measure the time-of-flight (TOF) distribution of molecules sampled from the reactor. The molecular weights of the species in the reactor can be determined from test TOF distributions. This technique has been used to identify the gas phasespecies present in a hot-wall reactor during the CVD of A1N using bis-dimethylaluminum deutero-amide,[(CH3)2AlND2]3 (I), as the precursor. Evidence has been found for: deuterated methane, CH3D, trimeric form of the precursor I, and its dimeric form. TOF evidence also supports the presence of an oligomer of I with a pentameric structure, as well as a number of substituted versions of trimer and dimer. Mechanisms have been formulated that explain methane elimination from the precursor as well as the formation of all species observed.
Gas Phase Decomposition of an Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition Precursor to Ain: [A1(CH3)2NH2]3
- Carmela C. Amato, John B. Hudson, Leonard V. Interrante
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 204 / 1990
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 February 2011, 135
- Print publication:
- 1990
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A CVD reactor has been coupled to a molecular beam apparatus in order to study the gas phase decomposition of an organometallic precursor to AIN, tris-dimethylaluminum amide, [(CH3)2AINH2]3. The onset of decomposition occurs at a reactor temperature of 125°C. By 300°C, all mass spectral signals due to precursor have disappeared. With the addition of helium as a carrier gas in the CVD process, the temperature at which all precursor signals disappear is raised to 400°C. The evolution of methane accompanies the precursor decomposition. Mass spectra of the precursor and its deuterated analogue, [(CH3)2 AIND2]3, obtained between 50°C and 90°C, offer support for the existence of trimer-dimer-monomer equilibria in this temperature range.
Gas Phase Decomposition of an Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition Precursor to AIN:[AI(CH3)2NH2]3
- Carmela C. Amato, John B. Hudson, Leonard V. Interrante
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 168 / 1989
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 February 2011, 119
- Print publication:
- 1989
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A novel technique for probing chemical vapor deposition reaction mechanisms is presented. A conventional hot-wall Pyrex reactor is coupled to a molecular beam apparatus. Preliminary results of the decomposition of an organometallic precursor to AIN, [AI(CH3)2NH2]3, indicate a decomposition temperature between 200 and 270°C. The mass spectrum of the precursor at 100°C provides evidence for the existence of a trimer-dimer equilibrium of the precursor at this temperature
The Effect of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons on the Hypocotyls of Cotton and Soybeans and on the Shoots of Nut grass, Johnson grass and other Weeds by the Directional Spray Technique
- O. A. Leonard, V. C. Harris
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A high degree of control of annual weeds in cotton by the pre-emergence application of dinitro-secondary-butyl-phenol or its salts has led to appreciable commercial interest. Leonard, et al. showed that the above chemical was promising for controlling annual weeds in cotton, when applied to the soil as a pre-emergence herbicide, and there have been many reports on the method since that time. It was recognized that this treatment did not control perennial weeds such as nutgrass and Johnson grass, and that some additional treatment would be required to control these weeds. In January 1948, one of the authors had the opportunity to see sugarcane weeds in Puerto Rico controlled by the post-emergence application of fortified oil emulsions, and the procedure was included for study in the 1948 cotton tests. The primary interest of the authors was to find a spray that would control the perennial weeds and which, at the same time, would not be injurious to cotton. It was felt that the annual weeds could be controlled rather well by the pre-emergence treatment. The effect of fortified oils and oil emulsions and unfortified oils on cotton hypocotyls and on grass shoots showed that the fortifying chemicals (dinitro-secondary-butyl-phenol and pentachlorophenol) were quite injurious to cotton hypocotyls, but that some unfortified oils showed considerable promise for selectively weeding cotton.