2 results
Factors Influencing Field Testing of Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs
- Raphaële Girard, Emmanuelle Carre, Valérie Mermet, Crespin C. Adjide, Sylviane Blaise, Monique Dagain, Christine Debeuret, Stéphane Delande, Valérie Dubois, Pascal Fascia, Caroline Hadjadj, Marianne Honnart, Christelle Labrande, Agnès Lasheras Bauduin, Adeline Martin, Françoise Petiteau Moreau, Nicole Roattino, Estelle Rougeot, Jacqueline Shum Cheong Sing, Martine Urban, Marie Laure Valdeyron
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 36 / Issue 3 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 29 December 2014, pp. 302-310
- Print publication:
- March 2015
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- Article
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BACKGROUND
According to the World Health Organization guidelines, field tests, in the context of a bid for the supply of alcohol-based hand rubs, should take into account climatic region, test period, products already in use, and type of use (hygienic or surgical) when assessing tolerance. This laborious method is often contested.
OBJECTIVETo conduct a post hoc analysis of the data of a large bid, including 5 factors, to validate the relevance of their inclusion.
METHODSFor the purposes of the bid, products were compared in terms of the 4 World Health Organization tolerance criteria (appearance, intactness, moisture content, sensation) during product testing and were separated into groups on the basis of the studied factors. The post hoc analysis method included (1) comparison of the mean before-and-after difference based on the self-evaluation of the skin with the 4 World Health Organization tolerance criteria, between climatic regions, periods, products in use, test product, and the type of use; (2) generalized linear models, taking into account all studied factors.
RESULTSThe analysis included data for 1,925 pairs of professionals. The means of the differences observed were independently and significantly associated with the test period (P<.001), the hygienic or surgical use (P=.010 to .041, not significant for appearance), the product already in use (significant for appearance P=.021), and the test product (P<.001). The association with climatic region was found to be significant only in the nonadjusted analysis.
CONCLUSIONThe type of use, the test period, and the product in use should be taken into account when designing field tests of alcohol-based hand rubs.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–9
Late-onset-psychosis: cognition
- Caroline Girard, Martine Simard, Robert Noiseux, Louis Laplante, Michel Dugas, François Rousseau, Nadine Gagnon, François Primeau, Evelyn Keller, Patrick J. Bernier
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 23 / Issue 8 / October 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 22 March 2011, pp. 1301-1316
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Background: The objectives of the study were to characterize and compare the cognitive profile and natural evolution of patients presenting late-onset psychotic symptoms (LOPS: onset ≥50 years old) to those of elderly patients (≥50 years old) with life-long/early-onset schizophrenia (EOS: onset <40 years old).
Methods: Neuropsychological profiles of 15 LOPS patients were compared to those of 17 elderly EOS patients and to those of two control groups (n = 11/group). The evolution of the two patient groups was compared using an independent diagnostic consensual procedure involving a geriatric psychiatry physician/clinician and a neuropsychologist blinded to the initial psychiatric diagnosis.
Results: EOS presented significant memory and executive impairments when compared to controls but there was no significant difference between LOPS and their controls when age and education were taken into account. However, a detailed inspection of normative data suggests more executive impairments in LOPS than in EOS. The clinical judgment of experts was in favour of significant cognitive deficits with or without dementia in most LOPS (82.3%–94.1%) and EOS (80.0%–93.3%) patients. Regarding evolution, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) were the most common clinical diagnoses made by geriatric psychiatry physicians/clinicians for the LOPS (40%). In addition, 20% of LOPS versus 5.9% of EOS patients met the diagnostic criteria for dementia by consensus of the experts. Cerebral abnormalities were confirmed (CT scan; SPECT) in 73.3% of LOPS patients.
Conclusion: The present results suggest cognitive deficits (mostly of executive functions) and vascular and neurodegenerative vulnerability in LOPS. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the present findings.