2 results
Maternal depression and anxiety predicts the pattern of offspring symptoms during their transition to adulthood
- H. Gonçalves, R. M. Pearson, B. L. Horta, D. A. González-Chica, E. Castilho, M. Damiani, R. C. Lima, D. P. Gigante, F. C. Barros, A. Stein, C. G. Victora
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 46 / Issue 2 / January 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 October 2015, pp. 415-424
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- Article
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- Open access
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Background
Episodes of depression and anxiety (D&A) during the transition from late adolescence to adulthood, particularly when persistent, are predictive of long-term disorders and associated public health burden. Understanding risk factors at this time is important to guide intervention. The current objective was to investigate the associations between maternal symptoms of D&A with offspring symptoms during their transition to adulthood.
MethodData from a large population-based birth cohort study, in South Brazil, were used. Prospective associations between maternal D&A and offspring risk of these symptoms during the transition to adulthood (18/19, 24 and 30 years) were estimated.
ResultsMaternal D&A in adolescence was associated with offspring symptoms across the transition to adulthood, associations were consistently stronger for females than for males. Daughters whose mothers reported D&A were 4.6 times (95% confidence interval 2.71–7.84) as likely to report D&A at all three time-points, than daughters of symptom-free mothers.
ConclusionsMaternal D&A is associated with persistent D&A during the daughter's transition to adulthood. Intervention strategies should consider the mother's mental health.
16 - A novel understanding of the three-way interaction between Trichoderma spp., the colonized plant and fungal pathogens
- from V - Fungal biocontrol of pests
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- By S. L. Woo, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, M. Ruocco, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, R. Ciliento, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, P. Ambrosino, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, R. Marra, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, F. Vinale, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, S. Lanzuise, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, D. Turrà, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, S. Ferraioli, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, I. Soriente, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, S. Gigante, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, F. Scala, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy, M. Lorito, Dipartimento di Arboricoltura Botanica e Patologia Vegetale Sezione Patologia Vegetale Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Via Universita 100–80055 Portici (NA) Italy
- Edited by G. D. Robson, University of Manchester, Pieter van West, University of Aberdeen, Geoffrey Gadd, University of Dundee
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- Book:
- Exploitation of Fungi
- Published online:
- 05 October 2013
- Print publication:
- 24 May 2007, pp 291-309
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Summary
Abstract
Trichoderma-based biofungicides are a reality in agriculture, with more than 50 formulations available today as registered products worldwide. Several strategies have been applied to identify the main genes and compounds involved in this complex cross-talk between the fungal antagonist and the microbial pathogen, as mediated by the plant. Proteome and genome analysis have greatly enhanced our ability to conduct holistic and genome-based functional studies. We have identified and determined the role of a variety of novel genes and gene-products, including ABC transporters, enzymes and other proteins that produce or act as novel elicitors of induced systemic resistance, proteins recognized by the plant as avirulence factors, as well as molecules that generally activate the antagonistic activity in Trichoderma spp. We have cloned mycoparasitism-related promoters and used them in combination with GFP and other markers to study the interaction in vivo and in situ between Trichoderma and the fungal pathogen or the plant. Finally, we have transgenically improved the ability of the antagonist to kill other microbes and to activate plant defence mechanisms.
Introduction
Plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi infections represent a major limiting factor for the cultivation and the conservation of agricultural plants of interest. The consequences of parasite attack result in both quantitative and qualitative reduction of crop production, large economic losses and represent a risk for human and animal health due to the accumulation of residues in the environment and mycotoxin contaminants in food products.