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Head and Neck Cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines, Sixth Edition
- Jarrod J Homer, Stuart C Winter, Elizabeth C Abbey, Hiba Aga, Reshma Agrawal, Derfel ap Dafydd, Takhar Arunjit, Patrick Axon, Eleanor Aynsley, Izhar N Bagwan, Arun Batra, Donna Begg, Jonathan M Bernstein, Guy Betts, Colin Bicknell, Brian Bisase, Grainne C Brady, Peter Brennan, Aina Brunet, Val Bryant, Linda Cantwell, Ashish Chandra, Preetha Chengot, Melvin L K Chua, Peter Clarke, Gemma Clunie, Margaret Coffey, Clare Conlon, David I Conway, Florence Cook, Matthew R Cooper, Declan Costello, Ben Cosway, Neil J A Cozens, Grant Creaney, Daljit K Gahir, Stephen Damato, Joe Davies, Katharine S Davies, Alina D Dragan, Yong Du, Mark R D Edmond, Stefano Fedele, Harriet Finze, Jason C Fleming, Bernadette H Foran, Beth Fordham, Mohammed M A S Foridi, Lesley Freeman, Katherine E Frew, Pallavi Gaitonde, Victoria Gallyer, Fraser W Gibb, Sinclair M Gore, Mark Gormley, Roganie Govender, J Greedy, Teresa Guerrero Urbano, Dorothy Gujral, David W Hamilton, John C Hardman, Kevin Harrington, Samantha Holmes, Jarrod J Homer, Deborah Howland, Gerald Humphris, Keith D Hunter, Kate Ingarfield, Richard Irving, Kristina Isand, Yatin Jain, Sachin Jauhar, Sarra Jawad, Glyndwr W Jenkins, Anastasios Kanatas, Stephen Keohane, Cyrus J Kerawala, William Keys, Emma V King, Anthony Kong, Fiona Lalloo, Kirsten Laws, Samuel C Leong, Shane Lester, Miles Levy, Ken Lingley, Gitta Madani, Navin Mani, Paolo L Matteucci, Catriona R Mayland, James McCaul, Lorna K McCaul, Pádraig McDonnell, Andrew McPartlin, Valeria Mercadante, Zoe Merchant, Radu Mihai, Mufaddal T Moonim, John Moore, Paul Nankivell, Sonali Natu, A Nelson, Pablo Nenclares, Kate Newbold, Carrie Newland, Ailsa J Nicol, Iain J Nixon, Rupert Obholzer, James T O'Hara, S Orr, Vinidh Paleri, James Palmer, Rachel S Parry, Claire Paterson, Gillian Patterson, Joanne M Patterson, Miranda Payne, L Pearson, David N Poller, Jonathan Pollock, Stephen Ross Porter, Matthew Potter, Robin J D Prestwich, Ruth Price, Mani Ragbir, Meena S Ranka, Max Robinson, Justin W G Roe, Tom Roques, Aleix Rovira, Sajid Sainuddin, I J Salmon, Ann Sandison, Andy Scarsbrook, Andrew G Schache, A Scott, Diane Sellstrom, Cherith J Semple, Jagrit Shah, Praveen Sharma, Richard J Shaw, Somiah Siddiq, Priyamal Silva, Ricard Simo, Rabin P Singh, Maria Smith, Rebekah Smith, Toby Oliver Smith, Sanjai Sood, Francis W Stafford, Neil Steven, Kay Stewart, Lisa Stoner, Steve Sweeney, Andrew Sykes, Carly L Taylor, Selvam Thavaraj, David J Thomson, Jane Thornton, Neil S Tolley, Nancy Turnbull, Sriram Vaidyanathan, Leandros Vassiliou, John Waas, Kelly Wade-McBane, Donna Wakefield, Amy Ward, Laura Warner, Laura-Jayne Watson, H Watts, Christina Wilson, Stuart C Winter, Winson Wong, Chui-Yan Yip, Kent Yip
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- Journal:
- The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 138 / Issue S1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 March 2024, pp. S1-S224
- Print publication:
- April 2024
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12 Differential Processing Efficiency Skills in Survivors of Pediatric Primary CNS Cancer and Cancers of non-CNS Origin
- Julie A Trapani, Victoria C Seghatol-Eslami, Tiffany D Tucker, Amanda M Cook, Sarah-Ann McGilvray, Shreya Grandhi, Donna L Murdaugh
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, p. 14
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Objective:
Pediatric cancer and cancer-related treatments may disrupt brain development and place survivors at risk for long term problems with cognitive functions. Processing efficiency has been operationalized as a nuanced cognitive skill that reflects both processing speed (PS) and working memory (WM) abilities and is sensitive to neurobiological disruption. Pediatric cancer survivors are at risk for processing efficiency deficits; however, a thorough characterization of processing efficiency skills across pediatric primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor and non-CNS cancer survivors has not yet been reported.
Participants and Methods:Participants were selected from a mixed retrospective clinical database of pediatric cancer survivors (Total n=160; primary CNS tumor n=33; Non-CNS n=127). Univariate analyses were conducted to examine differences in processing efficiency mean scores (t-tests) and percent impairment (scores >1 SD below mean; chi-squared tests) between the total sample and normative sample, and across groups (CNS vs. Non-CNS). Multiple linear regressions were utilized to evaluate the relationships between additional risk factors, including biological sex, age at diagnosis, time since treatment, and socioeconomic status, and processing efficiency outcomes.
Results:The total sample obtained lower scores on WM (M=90.83, SD=13.35) and PS (M=88.86, SD=14.38) measures than normative samples (M=100, SD=15), p < 0.001. Greater percentage of pediatric cancer survivors demonstrated impairment across all processing efficiency measures (24.8-38.1%) than normative samples (15.9%), p < 0.001. Regarding group differences, the CNS group obtained lower mean WM (M=84.85, SD =11.77) and PS (M=80, SD=14.18) scores than the Non-CNS group (WM M=92.39, SD=13.32; PS M=91.16, SD=13.56), p < 0.001. Rates of impairment between groups only differed for PS scores, with 63.6% of the CNS group and 31.5% of the non-CNS group demonstrating impairment, p < 0.001. Primary CNS tumor cancer type and male biological sex emerged as the only significant risk factors that predicted processing efficiency skills, with male sex predicting lower scores on PS (ß=8.91 p<.001) and semantic fluency (ß=7.59, p=.007).
Conclusions:These findings indicate that both pediatric primary CNS tumor and non-CNS cancer survivors exhibit substantial weaknesses in processing efficiency skills after treatment. While both groups demonstrated deficits compared to normative samples, the CNS group was more susceptible to PS impairments than non-CNS group. A basic initial study of the relationships between risk factors and processing efficiency skills revealed that primary CNS cancer was a predictor of lower performance on working memory and processing speed measures, while male biological sex was a significant risk factor for worse performance on processing speed and semantic fluency measures. Continued focus on the construct of processing efficiency in pediatric cancer survivors is warranted. Applying a standardized approach to assessing and communicating this nuanced cognitive skill could contribute to advancing both clinical practice and outcomes research of pediatric cancer survivors.
6 Subjective Sleep Measures and Neurocognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease
- Tiffany D Tucker, Dakshin Padmanabhan, Shreya Grandhi, Victoria Seghatol-Eslami, Julie Trapani, Amanda Cook, Sarah-An McGilvary, Jeffrey Lebensburger, Justin S Thomas, Donna Murdaugh
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, p. 514
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Objective:
Youth with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk of neurocognitive difficulties with and without neurological complications. Research has identified disease-related, socioeconomic, and sociodemographic risk factors as independently having significant associations with brain physiology for youth with SCD. Notably, sleep has a profound effect on youth’s neurocognitive abilities including learning, executive function, memory, attention, and processing speed. Furthermore, youth with SCD are at an increased risk for poor sleep measured by self-report questionnaires and by polysomnography (PSG). Within the SCD literature, only a few studies have examined the relationship between sleep and cognition. Of these, the majority examined individuals with SCD and comorbid sleep disorder diagnoses. The aim of this study is to identify associations between subjective sleep measures and neurocognitive outcomes in youth with SCD.
Participants and Methods:This study investigated a cohort of 24 youth with SCD (ages 9-16, 11 males, 13 females; HbSS [63%], HbSB+ [8%], HbSC [21%], HbSB0 [8%]) who received sleep questionnaires and a neuropsychological evaluation. Exclusion criteria included a history of neurological disorder (e.g., overt stroke, seizures, or moyamoya disease) or prescribed psychotropic medication. Sleep questionnaires measuring sleep disturbance (e.g., sleep onset, sleep continuity, and sleep quality) and sleep-related impairments (e.g., daytime sleepiness, sleepiness interference with concentration, and difficulty with activities of daily living skills) were collected. Executive function, working memory, processing speed, and verbal comprehension measures were assessed. Demographics and disease-related risk factors were analyzed individually from medical records.
Results:All analyses were controlled for age, the time between neuropsychological testing and sleep questionnaires, SCD genotype, and sex. Partial correlations were conducted to explore associations with neurocognitive outcomes. Verbal comprehension was significantly correlated with sleep disturbance (r= -.673, p=.001). Multiple linear regressions revealed that sleep disturbance significantly predicts verbal comprehension (ß= -.572, p=.003). Specifically, verbal comprehension decreased by 4.4 standard points for every one-point increase in sleep disturbance. Additionally, total sleep problems significantly predicted working memory (ß=-.414, p=.044) and processing speed (ß= -.411, p= .046). Specifically, working memory decreased by 3.5 standard points while processing speed decreased by 3.3 standard points for every one-point increase in total sleep problems reported. Sleep parameters did not significantly predict executive function.
Conclusions:Results support the association between poor sleep and neurocognitive difficulty in youth with SCD. Three of the participants in this study received a PSG, which further demonstrates the importance of the current findings. This study serves to identify potential risk factors for neurocognitive deficits and provides potential methods for identifying youth with SCD who may need to be referred for a PSG assessment. Research should replicate these findings with increased sample sizes including utilizing PSG and investigating neurobiological effects. Findings may inform future screening tools, treatment approaches, and advanced cognitive initiatives and resources for this population.
24 Adaptive Functioning and Academic Achievement in Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- Victoria C Seghatol-Eslami, Julie Trapani, Tiffany Tucker, Amanda Cook, Sylvia Cartagena, Andie Grimm, Eleanor Lee, Karthik Reddy, Shreya Grandhi, Sarah-Ann McGilvray, Donna Murdaugh
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 24-25
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Objective:
Executive functioning (EF) and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with functional outcomes (adaptive functioning and academic achievement) in healthy controls and pediatric populations with executive dysfunction. However, these relationships have yet to be investigated in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a population with EF impairment resulting from disease and treatment characteristics. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of functional outcomes with EF and SES (neighborhood-specific variables and academic support) in survivors of childhood ALL.
Participants and Methods:Forty-four participants (38.6% female, 72.7% non-Hispanic White, ages 6-17) previously diagnosed with low-risk or standard-risk pre-B cell ALL and treated with chemotherapy-only were included. Participants were evaluated on performance-based measures of EF (cognitive flexibility, verbal fluency, working memory, and processing speed) and academic achievement (word reading and math calculation), and parent-ratings of EF and adaptive functioning. All measures were expressed as T-scores with lower scores indicating better performance. Neighborhood-specific variables were based on participants’ zip codes and census block group, and included area deprivation index (ADI) and child opportunity index (COI). Lower ADI and COI indicate lesser deprivation and greater opportunity. Individualized education plan (IEP) status was used as a proxy of academic support, coded dichotomously as with or without IEP. Percentages of participants showing impairments in functional outcomes were calculated using a cutoff of > 1 SD above the normative mean. Partial correlations were conducted while controlling for age at evaluation, age at diagnosis, sex, and verbal IQ, to examine whether participants with poorer performance-based and parent-rated EF would show reduced functional outcomes. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to evaluate whether neighborhood-specific variables and IEP status would predict functional outcomes while controlling for covariates.
Results:Compared to population norms, survivors of childhood ALL showed worse functional outcomes. Within adaptive functioning, 45.5% of participants showed impairment in activities of daily living and leadership. Adaptive functioning was significantly positively correlated with parent-rated, but not performance-based, EF (r=0.694, p<0.001). Compared to female survivors, male survivors were at increased risk for adaptive functioning difficulties (r=-0.401, p<0.05). Impairments for word reading and math calculation were 25% and 41.7%, respectively. Greater math calculation was associated with better verbal fluency (r=0.378, p<0.05) and processing speed (r=0.439, p<0.05). Older participants at evaluation (/3=-0.580, p<0.001) and those without IEP support (ß=0.465, p<0.05) showed better word reading. Lower ADI predicted better verbal fluency (ß=0.282, p=0.041), however, neighborhood-specific variables were not associated with functional outcomes.
Conclusions:Prior findings indicate that performance-based measures and parent-ratings assess different constructs of EF. Thus, adaptive functioning may relate more to the behavioral construct of EF than its cognitive construct. Current findings also suggest that male survivors are at increased risk for reduced adaptive functioning, consistent with recent reports that male survivors of ALL are at greater risk for specific neurocognitive outcomes. Overall, functional outcomes may be more strongly related to EF than neighborhood-specific variables. Long-term goals include early screening of adaptive and academic difficulties, targeted intervention, and neuropsychological monitoring to support pediatric survivors’ neurocognitive and psychosocial development.
Innovative education and training in high power laser plasmas (PowerLaPs) for plasma physics, high power laser matter interactions and high energy density physics: experimental diagnostics and simulations – CORRIGENDUM
- John Pasley, Georgia Andrianaki, Jon Imanol Apiñaniz, Andreas Baroutsos, Dimitri Batani, Emmanouil P. Benis, Andrea Ciardi, Donna Cook, Massimo de Marco, Vasilios Dimitriou, Brendan Dromey, Ioannis Fitilis, Giancarlo Gatti, Anastasios Grigoriadis, Marine Huault, Jose Antonio Pérez Hernández, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Ondrej Klimo, Michel Koenig, George Koundourakis, Milan Kucharik, Jiri Limpouch, Richard Liska, Carlos Salgado Lopez, Sophia Malko, Susana Olmos-Migueláñez, Yannis Orphanos, Valeria Ospina, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, Stelios Petrakis, Jan Psikal, Mauricio Rico, Maria Serena Rivetta, María-José Rodríguez-Conde, João Jorge Santos, Milan Sinor, Alexandros Skoulakis, Ioannis Tazes, Laura Tejada Pascual, Michael Touati, Calliope Tsitou, Pavel Vachal, Luca Volpe, Jiri Vyskocil, Steven White, Mark Yeung, Ghassan Zeraouli, Michael Tatarakis
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- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 8 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 31 March 2020, e9
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Innovative education and training in high power laser plasmas (PowerLaPs) for plasma physics, high power laser matter interactions and high energy density physics: experimental diagnostics and simulations
- John Pasley, Georgia Andrianaki, Andreas Baroutsos, Dimitri Batani, Emmanouil P. Benis, Andrea Ciardi, Donna Cook, Vasilios Dimitriou, Brendan Dromey, Ioannis Fitilis, Giancarlo Gatti, Anastasios Grigoriadis, Marine Huault, Jose Antonio Pérez Hernández, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Ondrej Klimo, Michel Koenig, George Koundourakis, Milan Kucharik, Jiri Limpouch, Richard Liska, Carlos Salgado Lopez, Sophia Malko, Susana Olmos-Migueláñez, Yannis Orphanos, Valeria Ospina, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, Stelios Petrakis, Jan Psikal, Maria Serena Rivetta, María-José Rodríguez-Conde, João Jorge Santos, Milan Sinor, Alexandros Skoulakis, Ioannis Tazes, Laura Tejada Pascual, Calliope Tsitou, Pavel Vachal, Luca Volpe, Jiri Vyskocil, Steven White, Mark Yeung, Ghassan Zerouli, Michael Tatarakis
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- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 8 / 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 18 February 2020, e5
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The second and final year of the Erasmus Plus programme ‘Innovative Education and Training in high power laser plasmas’, otherwise known as PowerLaPs, is described. The PowerLaPs programme employs an innovative paradigm in that it is a multi-centre programme, where teaching takes place in five separate institutes with a range of different aims and styles of delivery. The ‘in-class’ time is limited to 4 weeks a year, and the programme spans 2 years. PowerLaPs aims to train students from across Europe in theoretical, applied and laboratory skills relevant to the pursuit of research in laser plasma interaction physics and inertial confinement fusion. Lectures are intermingled with laboratory sessions and continuous assessment activities. The programme, which is led by workers from the Hellenic Mediterranean University and supported by co-workers from the Queen’s University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux, the Czech Technical University in Prague, Ecole Polytechnique, the University of Ioannina, the University of Salamanca and the University of York, has just finished its second and final year. Six Learning Teaching Training activities have been held at the Queen’s University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux, the Czech Technical University, the University of Salamanca and the Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers of the Hellenic Mediterranean University. The last of these institutes hosted two 2-week-long Intensive Programmes, while the activities at the other four universities were each 5 days in length. In addition, a ‘Multiplier Event’ was held at the University of Ioannina, which will be briefly described. In this second year, the work has concentrated on training in both experimental diagnostics and simulation techniques appropriate to the study of plasma physics, high power laser matter interactions and high energy density physics. The nature of the programme will be described in detail, and some metrics relating to the activities carried out will be presented. In particular, this paper will focus on the overall assessment of the programme.
Innovative Education and Training in high power laser plasmas (PowerLaPs) for plasma physics, high power laser–matter interactions and high energy density physics – theory and experiments
- John Pasley, Georgia Andrianaki, Andreas Baroutsos, Dimitri Batani, Emmanouil P. Benis, Marco Borghesi, Eugene Clark, Donna Cook, Emmanuel D’Humieres, Vasilios Dimitriou, Brendan Dromey, Michael Ehret, Ioannis Fitilis, Anastasios Grigoriadis, Satya Kar, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Ondrej Klimo, Michel Koenig, Kyriaki Kosma, George Koundourakis, Milan Kucharik, Aveen Lavery, Jiri Limpouch, Yannis Orphanos, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, Stelios Petrakis, Dave Riley, Maria Serena Rivetta, Laura Tejada Pascual, João Jorge Santos, Alexandros Skoulakis, Ioannis Tazes, Vladimir Tikhonchuk, Jocelain Trela, Calliope Tsitou, Luca Volpe, Steven White, Mark Yeung, Michael Tatarakis
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- Journal:
- High Power Laser Science and Engineering / Volume 7 / 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 April 2019, e23
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The Erasmus Plus programme ‘Innovative Education and Training in high power laser plasmas’, otherwise known as PowerLaPs, is described. The PowerLaPs programme employs an innovative paradigm in that it is a multi-centre programme where teaching takes place in five separate institutes with a range of different aims and styles of delivery. The ‘in class’ time is limited to four weeks a year, and the programme spans two years. PowerLaPs aims to train students from across Europe in theoretical, applied and laboratory skills relevant to the pursuit of research in laser–plasma interaction physics and inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Lectures are intermingled with laboratory sessions and continuous assessment activities. The programme, which is led by workers from the Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, and supported by co-workers from the Queen’s University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux, the Czech Technical University in Prague, Ecole Polytechnique, the University of Ioannina, the University of Salamanca and the University of York, has just completed its first year. Thus far three Learning Teaching Training (LTT) activities have been held, at the Queen’s University Belfast, the University of Bordeaux and the Centre for Plasma Physics and Lasers (CPPL) of TEI Crete. The last of these was a two-week long Intensive Programme (IP), while the activities at the other two universities were each five days in length. Thus far work has concentrated upon training in both theoretical and experimental work in plasma physics, high power laser–matter interactions and high energy density physics. The nature of the programme will be described in detail and some metrics relating to the activities carried out to date will be presented.
6 - (Re)discovering SoTL Through a Fundamental Challenge: Helping Students Transition to College Calculus
- from Theme 1: - Experiments with Approaches to Teaching
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- By Rann Bar-On, Duke University, Jack Bookman, Duke University, Benjamin Cooke, Duke University, Donna Hall, Duke University, Sarah Schott, Duke University
- Edited by Jacqueline M. Dewar, Loyola Marymount University, Curtis D. Bennett, Loyola Marymount University
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- Book:
- Doing the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Mathematics
- Published by:
- Mathematical Association of America
- Published online:
- 05 December 2015
- Print publication:
- 15 December 2014, pp 59-66
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Summary
Editors' Commentary
In this chapter Rann Bar-On, Jack Bookman, Benjamin Cooke, Donna Hall, and Sarah Schott describe how one faculty member's attempt to improve student success in a special freshmen calculus sequence for underprepared students evolved into scholarship of teaching and learning. Key to this progression was collaboration with academic support professionals and non-tenure track faculty. Thoughtful discussions, a few trial interventions, and examining the research literature enabled the group to move from reflection and experimentation to scholarly teaching and then to the scholarship of teaching and learning. After several years of collaborative effort, a grant application to further develop, study, and share the results of this work was submitted to the NSF.
Introduction
Through the efforts of the Carnegie Foundation and others, many faculty are introduced to SoTL through conferences, workshops at their institution, colleagues, or journal articles devoted to SoTL (Hutchings, 2010). As discussed in this volume, these activities have struck a chord with, and given voice to, the scholarly and intellectual interests of many faculty in higher education. The growth of SoTL has provided validation and motivation for faculty to develop SoTL projects. In this chapter, we describe a different introduction to SoTL, one that is more unintentional and less self-conscious. We will discuss how a small group of faculty faced with an instructional problem gradually adopted an increasingly scholarly approach to addressing it. Instead of scholars creating solutions to problems, in this case a problem created scholars.
We were all exposed to SoTL work early in our careers. We mostly set it aside as we pursued our teaching. We rediscovered it when the need arose, and we wanted to stand on the shoulders of those who had attempted to address the problems we encountered. We believe that our experience can be instructive for those who are new to SoTL and for those who have had some involvement with it.
Selective Antagonism of GABAA Receptor Subtypes: An In Vivo Approach to Exploring the Therapeutic and Side Effects of Benzodiazepine–Type Drugs
- James K. Rowlett, James M. Cook, Angela N. Duke, Donna M. Platt
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- Journal:
- CNS Spectrums / Volume 10 / Issue 1 / January 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 November 2014, pp. 40-48
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Benzodiazepines (BZs) are clinically used as anxiolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and antispasmodic drugs. Research using transgenic mouse models has suggested that the effects of BZs involve multiple subtypes of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor, identified by specific α subunits (α1, α2, α3, α5). This review discusses the experimental uses of β-carboline-3-carboxylate-t-butyl ester (βCCT), a drug that binds preferentially to the GABAA α1 subtype but exerts no action (ie, is a pharmacologic antagonist at the GABAA α1 subtype receptor). βCCT blocks the anxiolytic-like effects of BZs, although studies in primates suggests this antagonism may reflect multiple receptor populations. βCCT antagonized the ataxic but not muscle relaxant effects of BZs, a finding that implicates the GABAA α1 subtype receptor in ataxia but not muscle relaxation. The potential clinical utility of βCCT is discussed, both in terms of treatment (ie, hepatic encephalopathy) and as a diagnostic imaging agent. Altogether, these results indicate that subtype-selective antagonists represent a useful approach to studying receptor mechanisms underlying the behavioral effects of BZ-type drugs.
Association between home availability and vegetable consumption in youth: a review
- Lauren T Cook, Gillian A O’Reilly, Christine J DeRosa, Louise Ann Rohrbach, Donna Spruijt-Metz
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- Journal:
- Public Health Nutrition / Volume 18 / Issue 4 / March 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 2014, pp. 640-648
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Objective
To systematically review literature examining the association between vegetable home availability and vegetable intake in youth.
DesignArticles were identified through December 2012 using a search of PubMed, PsychINFO and OVID/Medline databases, using the following keywords in varying combinations: home, environment, availability, vegetable, intake, consumption, children. Quantitative studies examining home vegetable availability and vegetable intake in children and adolescents were included. Fifteen studies were included that met inclusion criteria.
SettingStudies were conducted in the USA (n 8), Australia (n 1), Greece (n 1), Iceland (n 1), Denmark (n 1), the UK (n 1), the Netherlands (n 1) and a combination of nine European countries (n 1).
SubjectsVarious populations of children and adolescents were examined.
ResultsSeven of the studies (47 %) found a positive association between vegetable availability and intake, with the others reporting null findings. There were no clear patterns of association by study design, age of subjects included, comprehensiveness of measures, or inclusion of covariates in analyses. Child report of home availability was associated with child vegetable intake (n 6, all found a positive association), while parent report of home availability was only minimally associated (n 9, one found a positive association; P=0·001 from post hoc Fisher’s exact test comparing parent v. child report).
ConclusionsParent perception of availability may be closer to truth, given the parental role in food shopping and preparation. Therefore, to impact child vegetable intake, absolute availability may not be as important as child perception of vegetables in the home. Child perception of availability may be altered by level of familiarity with vegetables.