High-resolution, direct numerical simulations of three-dimensional
incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are carried out to study the
energy spectrum in the dissipation range. An energy spectrum of the form
A(k/kd)α
exp[−βk/kd]
is confirmed. The possible values of the parameters α and β,
as well as their
dependence on Reynolds numbers and length scales, are investigated, showing
good agreement with recent theoretical predictions. A
‘bottleneck’-type effect is reported at
k/kd≈4, exhibiting a
possible transition from near-dissipation to far-dissipation.