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Caring for carers: A virtual psychosocial supervision intervention to improve the quality and sustainability of mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian contexts
- R. Wells, C. Acartuk, F. Almeamari, M. Alokoud, A. Beetar, H. Eldardery, M. Elshazly, O. Faruk, M.R. Ginem, D. Hadzi-Pavlovic, Z. Ilkkurşun, S. Jahan, R. Joshi, L. Klein, L. Kurdi, G. Kurt, C. Mastrogiovanni, M. Mozumder, S. Lekkeh, S. Némorin, K. Nicholson Perry, M. Orabi, J. Qasim, Z. Steel, M. Tavakol, H. Ullah, E. Uygun, S. Wong, L. (Fischer) Yan, R. Said Yousself, A. Zarate, S. Rosenbaum
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S884
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Introduction
Mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) staff in humanitarian settings have limited access to clinical supervision and are at high risk of experiencing burnout. We previously piloted an online, peer-supervision program for MHPSS professionals working with displaced Rohingya (Bangladesh) and Syrian (Turkey and Northwest Syria) communities. Pilot evaluations demonstrated that online, peer-supervision is feasible, low-cost, and acceptable to MHPSS practitioners in humanitarian settings.
ObjectivesThis project will determine the impact of online supervision on i) the wellbeing and burnout levels of local MHPSS practitioners, and ii) practitioner technical skills to improve beneficiary perceived service satisfaction, acceptability, and appropriateness.
MethodsMHPSS practitioners in two contexts (Bangladesh and Turkey/Northwest Syria) will participate in 90-minute group-based online supervision, fortnightly for six months. Sessions will be run on zoom and will be co-facilitated by MHPSS practitioners and in-country research assistants. A quasi-experimental multiple-baseline design will enable a quantitative comparison of practitioner and beneficiary outcomes between control periods (12-months) and the intervention. Outcomes to be assessed include the Kessler-6, Harvard Trauma Questionnaire and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8.
ResultsA total of 80 MHPSS practitioners will complete 24 monthly online assessments from May 2022. Concurrently, 1920 people receiving MHPSS services will be randomly selected for post-session interviews (24 per practitioner).
ConclusionsThis study will determine the impact of an online, peer-supervision program for MHPSS practitioners in humanitarian settings. Results from the baseline assessments, pilot evaluation, and theory of change model will be presented.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
- K. S. Young, K. L. Purves, C. Hübel, M. R. Davies, K. N. Thompson, S. Bristow, G. Krebs, A. Danese, C. Hirsch, C. E. Parsons, E. Vassos, B. N. Adey, S. Bright, L. Hegemann, Y. T. Lee, G. Kalsi, D. Monssen, J. Mundy, A. J. Peel, C. Rayner, H. C. Rogers, A. ter Kuile, C. Ward, K. York, Y. Lin, A. B. Palmos, U. Schmidt, D. Veale, T. R. Nicholson, T. A. Pollak, S. A. M. Stevelink, T. Moukhtarian, A. R. Martineau, H. Holt, B. Maughan, A. Al-Chalabi, K. Ray Chaudhuri, M. P. Richardson, J. R. Bradley, P. F. Chinnery, N. Kingston, S. Papadia, K. E. Stirrups, R. Linger, M. Hotopf, T. C. Eley, G. Breen
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 12 / September 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 July 2022, pp. 5428-5441
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Background
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health is still being unravelled. It is important to identify which individuals are at greatest risk of worsening symptoms. This study aimed to examine changes in depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms using prospective and retrospective symptom change assessments, and to find and examine the effect of key risk factors.
MethodOnline questionnaires were administered to 34 465 individuals (aged 16 years or above) in April/May 2020 in the UK, recruited from existing cohorts or via social media. Around one-third (n = 12 718) of included participants had prior diagnoses of depression or anxiety and had completed pre-pandemic mental health assessments (between September 2018 and February 2020), allowing prospective investigation of symptom change.
ResultsProspective symptom analyses showed small decreases in depression (PHQ-9: −0.43 points) and anxiety [generalised anxiety disorder scale – 7 items (GAD)-7: −0.33 points] and increases in PTSD (PCL-6: 0.22 points). Conversely, retrospective symptom analyses demonstrated significant large increases (PHQ-9: 2.40; GAD-7 = 1.97), with 55% reported worsening mental health since the beginning of the pandemic on a global change rating. Across both prospective and retrospective measures of symptom change, worsening depression, anxiety and PTSD symptoms were associated with prior mental health diagnoses, female gender, young age and unemployed/student status.
ConclusionsWe highlight the effect of prior mental health diagnoses on worsening mental health during the pandemic and confirm previously reported sociodemographic risk factors. Discrepancies between prospective and retrospective measures of changes in mental health may be related to recall bias-related underestimation of prior symptom severity.
The risk of common mental disorders in Indigenous Australians experiencing traumatic life events
- Bushra Farah Nasir, Elizabeth G. Ryan, Emma B. Black, Stephen Kisely, Neeraj S. Gill, Gavin Beccaria, Srinivas Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Geoffrey C. Nicholson, Maree Toombs
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 8 / Issue 1 / January 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 December 2021, e8
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Background
Experiencing traumatic life events is associated with an increased risk of common mental disorders (CMDs), but studies investigating this association within Indigenous populations are limited.
AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate associations between trauma and CMDs after controlling for other exposures.
MethodTrauma exposures and CMD diagnoses were determined in a broadly representative sample of 544 Indigenous Australians, using a diagnostic clinical interview. Associations were determined by multivariate logistic regression.
ResultsTrauma exposure independently predicted CMDs. After adjustment for potential confounders, trauma exposure was associated with a 4.01-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a CMD in the past 12 months. The increased risks were 4.38-, 2.65- and 2.78-fold of having an anxiety disorder, mood disorder or a substance use disorder, respectively. Trauma exposure and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder was associated with a 4.53-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a mood disorder, 2.47-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of a substance use disorder, and 3.58-fold increased risk of any diagnosis of a CMD, in the past 12 months. Experiencing both sexual and physical violence was associated with a 4.98-fold increased risk of a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder in the past 12 months.
ConclusionsIndigenous Australians experience significantly increased exposure to potentially harmful trauma compared with non-Indigenous Australians. Preventing and healing trauma exposure is paramount to reduce the high burden of CMDs in this population.
The pensions dashboard: an actuarial perspective: Future pensions landscape working party
- A. Lowe, G. Bradley, A. Nicholson, R. Inglis, A. Balaam, S. Lawson, S. Wasserman
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- British Actuarial Journal / Volume 26 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 February 2021, e1
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The pensions dashboard has been talked about across the industry for a long time. With the proposed implementation date of 2019 (although it has been questioned by some whether this is achievable or not), it is time to consider the actuarial aspects behind providing individuals with details of their pension benefits.
This paper outlines the perspective of the IFoA’s Future Pensions Landscape working party. The paper considers the objectives of the dashboard and the functionality that may be required to deliver on those. It also highlights the difficulties of the necessary consistency between different types of benefits and the need for alignment with other pensions communications. Lastly, it considers what is needed to enhance the dashboard to enable members to understand what their benefits might look like at retirement and the opportunities the dashboard delivers for further modelling and financial planning.
Objectives and functionalityMuch has been made about the difficulty (or otherwise) of delivering on the promise of a pensions dashboard, but ultimately that will depend on what it aims to provide for the individual. The working party has considered the short and longer-term opportunities with a dashboard and what functionality these may require. It is clear that a balance between functionality and deliverability must be struck to ensure that something meaningful is delivered within a reasonable timeframe (2).
Different types of benefitsThe working party has considered the features of occupational and personal pensions, defined benefit (DB) schemes (5.21), defined contribution (DC) schemes (5.25) and the state pension (3). We believe that it is essential to deliver key information around each of them in a way that is consistent but takes account of the differences between them, including the need to:
use scheme/benefit-specific pension commencement dates (4);
display accrued and prospective benefits at retirement in real terms (5.6, 5.20);
display dependants’ benefits when a part of the scheme rules (5.12);
display details of benefits in payment or already in drawdown (5.4);
ensure that deferred DBs are revalued to a recent date (5.22);
be clear about the level of pension increases payable using inflation linking as a default (5.17); and
outline any options on a benefit such as tax-free pension commencement lump sum (5.8).
Having included the above, the dashboard must then consider how to allow for consistency of projection of benefits to the scheme/benefit-specific pension commencement dates. For DBs, this can be achieved relatively easily in real terms by allowing merely for future accrual based on the current position and benefit structure. For DC benefits, this needs a standardised approach. After consideration of multiple options (5.25), we have recommended a simplified projection approach using a risk-based allowance for real investment growth depending on the assets held (or a risk categorisation) (5.50). This would enable the dashboard to carry out consistent projections across DC pots. In an ideal world, we recommend that benefit statements use projections aligned to this approach, too.
In order to build confidence in any dashboard (and in pensions in general), consistency between benefit statements and scheme provision of information is key (8). This includes the need for dates and speed of information provision, the type of information provided and assumptions and projection approaches to be standardised.
We have also considered other hybrid benefit structures that exist. Many or all of these can revert to using the approach outlined for DB, DC, or a combination of the two along with the expertise of a provider to achieve the aims of consistent dashboard provision (6).
We have also tried to allow for some of the legacy or complex issues within the UK pensions landscape that we consider relevant to the provision of a usable dashboard, such as the need to include Guaranteed Annuity Rates, and the need to explain the various risks and uncertainties with both DB and DC provision (7).
Future opportunities for supporting financial planningThe working party has considered the longer-term opportunities to use the dashboard to assist individuals with planning for their retirement. We recommend that the dashboard infrastructure be set up with this in mind from the beginning, even if the deployment of this type of support is a long way away (9) or even provided through third parties (10).
The working party looks forward to the Department for Work and Pensions feasibility study on the dashboard (which is due for publication) and welcomes the chance to influence the shape of what has the potential to be a huge engagement opportunity for the pensions industry.
Symptoms and laboratory manifestations of mild COVID-19 in a repatriated cruise ship cohort
- C. R. Bailie, L. Franklin, S. Nicholson, F. Mordant, C. Alpren, T. Stewart, C. Barnes, A. Fox, J. Druce, K. Subbarao, M. Catton, A. van Diemen, S. G. Sullivan
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 149 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 February 2021, e44
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Much of our current understanding about novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) comes from hospitalised patients. However, the spectrum of mild and subclinical disease has implications for population-level screening and control. Forty-nine participants were recruited from a group of 99 adults repatriated from a cruise ship with a high incidence of COVID-19. Respiratory and rectal swabs were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sera were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and microneutralisation assay. Symptoms, viral shedding and antibody response were examined. Forty-five participants (92%) were considered cases based on either positive PCR or positive ELISA for immunoglobulin G. Forty-two percent of cases were asymptomatic. Only 15% of symptomatic cases reported fever. Serial respiratory and rectal swabs were positive for 10% and 5% of participants respectively about 3 weeks after median symptom onset. Cycle threshold values were high (range 31–45). Attempts to isolate live virus were unsuccessful. The presence of symptoms was not associated with demographics, comorbidities or antibody response. In closed settings, incidence of COVID-19 could be almost double that suggested by symptom-based screening. Serology may be useful in diagnosis of mild disease and in aiding public health investigations.
Post-traumatic symptoms after COVID-19 may (or may not) reflect disease severity
- James Badenoch, Benjamin Cross, Danish Hafeez, Jia Song, Cameron Watson, Matthew Butler, Timothy R. Nicholson, Alasdair G. Rooney, (The SARS-COV-neuro collaboration)
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 1 / January 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 November 2020, pp. 295-296
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Clinical and neuropathological features of ALS/FTD with TIA1 mutations
- V. Hirsch-Reinshagen, AM. Nicholson, C. Pottier, M. Baker, G-YR. Hsiung, C. Krieger, KB. Boylan, S. Weintraub, M. Mesulam, E. Bigio, L. Zinman, J. Keith, E. Rogaeva, SA. Zivkovic, D. Lacomis, D. Dickson, P. Taylor, R. Rademakers, IR. Mackenzie
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 45 / Issue S1 / May 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 25 May 2018, p. S5
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represent a disease continuum with common genetic causes and molecular pathology. We recently identified mutations in the T-cell restricted intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1) protein as a cause of ALS +/− FTD. TIA1 is an RNA-binding protein containing a low complexity domain (LCD) that promotes the assembly of membrane-less organelles, such as stress granules (SG). Whole exome sequencing of two family members with fALS/FTD revealed a novel missense mutation in the TIA1 LCD (P362L). Subsequent screening identified five more TIA1 mutations in six additional ALS patients, but none in controls. All mutation carriers presented with weakness, behavioral abnormalities or language impairments and had a final diagnosis of ALS +/− FTD. Autopsy on five TIA1 mutation carriers showed widespread neurodegeneration with TDP-43 pathology. Round eosinophilic inclusions in lower motor neurons were a consistent feature. Cellular assays revealed abnormal SG dynamics in the presence of TIA1 mutations. In summary, missense mutations in the LCD of TIA1 are a newly recognized cause of ALS/FTD with TDP-43 pathology and strengthen the role of RNA metabolism in the pathogenesis in this disease.
4 - The Rings of Uranus
- from II - Ring Systems by Location
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- By P. D. Nicholson, Cornell University Ithaca, New York, USA, I. De Pater, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California, USA, R. G. French, Wellesley College Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA, M. R. Showalter, SETI Institute Mountain View, California, USA
- Edited by Matthew S. Tiscareno, Carl D. Murray, Queen Mary University of London
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- Book:
- Planetary Ring Systems
- Published online:
- 26 February 2018
- Print publication:
- 22 March 2018, pp 93-111
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11 - Narrow Rings, Gaps, and Sharp Edges
- from III - Ring Systems by Type and Topic
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- By P. D. Nicholson, Cornell University Ithaca, New York, USA, R. G. French, Wellesley College Wellesley, Massachusetts, USA, J. N. Spitale, Planetary Science Institute Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Edited by Matthew S. Tiscareno, Carl D. Murray, Queen Mary University of London
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- Planetary Ring Systems
- Published online:
- 26 February 2018
- Print publication:
- 22 March 2018, pp 276-307
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Summary
INTRODUCTION
Although Saturn's broad A, B, and C rings epitomize the concept of “planetary rings” in the minds of most people, much of our detailed knowledge of ring dynamics has come from the investigation of smaller-scale features such as density and bending waves, the numerous narrow gaps and their embedded ringlets, and the sharp edges which often demarcate various ring regions. In the case of Uranus, almost all of the ring mass is in the form of narrow rings. Narrow ringlets and gaps, and their associated sharp edges (including those of broad rings) form the subject of this chapter, along with the dynamical theories their study has spawned and the puzzles that continue to surround them.
Examples of several narrow gaps and ringlets in Saturn's rings, as well as the very prominent sharp outer edge of the B ring, are shown in Figure 11.1, from French et al. (2016b). Here one can see a total of eight narrow gaps in the region known as the Cassini Division, ranging in width from 5 km to 360 km, as well as four narrow ringlets. At least six more narrow gaps are found in the outer A ring and in the C ring, while three additional narrow ringlets occur in the C ring. The present chapter will cover all of these features, as well as the ten narrow Uranian rings. Recently a pair of narrow, dense rings has been discovered around the centaur object, Chariklo (Braga-Ribas et al., 2014). These are discussed separately in Chapter 7. We also do not discuss the more tenuous and dusty Jovian and Neptunian ring systems, nor the dusty ringlets found at Saturn and Uranus, all of which are covered in Chapter 12. The complex and unique F ring is described in Chapter 13.
We begin with a short overview of the relevant observations and their limitations in Section 11.2, before reviewing the kinematics, systematic width variations and internal structure of narrow ringlets in Section 11.3. In Section 11.4 we discuss the gaps in Saturn's rings, including searches for any embedded satellites. Section 11.5 deals with individual ringlet and gap edges, especially those that are controlled by resonances with external satellites and those that show evidence for local perturbations by unseen, embedded objects.
Calving processes and lake evolution at Miage glacier, Mont Blanc, Italian Alps
- G. Diolaiuti, M.P. Kirkbride, C. Smiraglia, D.I. Benn, C. D’Agata, L. Nicholson
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- Journal:
- Annals of Glaciology / Volume 40 / 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 September 2017, pp. 207-214
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A marginal ice-contact lake at Miage glacier, Mont Blanc, Italian Alps, has been studied to reconstruct changes in lake area. Historical sources, comprising sketches, maps, photographs and scientific surveys, have been supplemented by recent field surveys. These include surveys of glacier surface velocity (which varied along the glacier tongue from 70 ma–1 in the upper part to about 6 ma–1 close to the snout, consistent with data in the literature, showing that velocity rates have remained constant during the last 40 years), volumetric ice-cliff loss (–92 000±180m3 in 2002–03), lake temperature and bathymetry, and qualitative observation of calving events, crevassing, and meltwater production. Results indicate that the lake has been stable for the last half-century following a period of enlargement due to ice-marginal retreat. The lake hydrology is complex, with possible reversals of englacial water flow causing infrequent emptying episodes. The debris cover on the glacier and ice-cliff surfaces seems to have played an important role in the ice-cliff evolution and the calving phenomena; calving is driven by undercutting at the water-line aided by the opening of water- and debris-filled crevasses in the glacier surface.
Responding to a Radiological Crisis: Experiences of British Foreign Office Staff in Japan After the Fukushima Nuclear Meltdown
- Savita Bakhshi, Rebecca Lynn-Nicholson, Bryony Jones, Richard Amlôt, Neil Greenberg, G. James Rubin
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- Journal:
- Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 8 / Issue 5 / October 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 October 2014, pp. 397-403
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Objectives
To identify factors that affected well-being among British embassy staff based in Japan after the 2011 earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear meltdown.
MethodsIn-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 36 members of staff 8 to 9 months after the earthquake.
ResultsParticipants described their crisis work as stressful, exciting, and something of which they were proud. Aside from disaster-specific stressors, factors identified as stressful included unclear roles, handing over work to new personnel, being assigned to office-based work, feeling that work was not immediately beneficial to the public, not taking good-quality breaks, and difficulties with relatives. The radiation risk provoked mixed feelings, with most participants being reassured by contact with senior scientists.
ConclusionsInterventions to safeguard the well-being of personnel during crisis work must consider the impact of a broad range of stressors.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-7)
Effect of ethnicity on care pathway and outcomes in patients hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in the UK
- G. A. NYLAND, B. C. McKENZIE, P. R. MYLES, M. G. SEMPLE, W. S. LIM, P. J. M. OPENSHAW, R. C. READ, B. L. TAYLOR, S. J. BRETT, J. McMENAMIN, J. E. ENSTONE, B. BANNISTER, K. G. NICHOLSON, J. S. NGUYEN-VAN-TAM
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology & Infection / Volume 143 / Issue 6 / April 2015
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 August 2014, pp. 1129-1138
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Data were extracted from the case records of UK patients admitted with laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. White and non-White patients were characterized by age, sex, socioeconomic status, pandemic wave and indicators of pre-morbid health status. Logistic regression examined differences by ethnicity in patient characteristics, care pathway and clinical outcomes; multivariable models controlled for potential confounders. Whites (n = 630) and non-Whites (n = 510) differed by age, socioeconomic status, pandemic wave of admission, pregnancy, recorded obesity, previous and current smoking, and presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After adjustment for a priori confounders non-Whites were less likely to have received pre-admission antibiotics [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0·43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·28–0·68, P < 0·001) but more likely to receive antiviral drugs as in-patients (aOR 1·53, 95% CI 1·08–2·18, P = 0·018). However, there were no significant differences by ethnicity in delayed admission, severity at presentation for admission, or likelihood of severe outcome.
Energy expenditure, nutritional status, body composition and physical fitness of Royal Marines during a 6-month operational deployment in Afghanistan
- Joanne L. Fallowfield, Simon K. Delves, Neil E. Hill, Rosalyn Cobley, Pieter Brown, Susan A. Lanham-New, Gary Frost, Stephen J. Brett, Kevin G. Murphy, Scott J. Montain, Christopher Nicholson, Michael Stacey, Christian Ardley, Anneliese Shaw, Conor Bentley, Duncan R. Wilson, Adrian J. Allsopp
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- British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 112 / Issue 5 / 14 September 2014
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 09 July 2014, pp. 821-829
- Print publication:
- 14 September 2014
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Understanding the nutritional demands on serving military personnel is critical to inform training schedules and dietary provision. Troops deployed to Afghanistan face austere living and working environments. Observations from the military and those reported in the British and US media indicated possible physical degradation of personnel deployed to Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the changes in body composition and nutritional status of military personnel deployed to Afghanistan and how these were related to physical fitness. In a cohort of British Royal Marines (n 249) deployed to Afghanistan for 6 months, body size and body composition were estimated from body mass, height, girth and skinfold measurements. Energy intake (EI) was estimated from food diaries and energy expenditure measured using the doubly labelled water method in a representative subgroup. Strength and aerobic fitness were assessed. The mean body mass of volunteers decreased over the first half of the deployment ( − 4·6 (sd 3·7) %), predominately reflecting fat loss. Body mass partially recovered (mean +2·2 (sd 2·9) %) between the mid- and post-deployment periods (P< 0·05). Daily EI (mean 10 590 (sd 3339) kJ) was significantly lower than the estimated daily energy expenditure (mean 15 167 (sd 1883) kJ) measured in a subgroup of volunteers. However, despite the body mass loss, aerobic fitness and strength were well maintained. Nutritional provision for British military personnel in Afghanistan appeared sufficient to maintain physical capability and micronutrient status, but providing appropriate nutrition in harsh operational environments must remain a priority.
Self-reported depression and reduced bone mineral density in a community sample of men: Geelong Osteoporosis Study
- F Jacka, J Pasco, M Henry, L Williams, M Kotowicz, G Nicholson, M Berk
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- Journal:
- Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 18 / Issue 6 / December 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 June 2014, pp. 293-294
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SSRI use and bone mineral density in women with a history of depression: Geelong Osteoporosis Study
- L Williams, M Henry, M Berk, S Dodd, F Jacka, M Kotowicz, G Nicholson, J Pasco
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- Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 18 / Issue 6 / December 2006
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 June 2014, pp. 311-312
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Scanning Probe Microscopy of Bacterial Red Light Photoreceptors
- Fernando G. Tobias, Anna Gawedzka, Max S. Goldmeier, Alexandra C. Sakols, Emina A. Stojković, Stefan Tsonchev, Kenneth T. Nicholson
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- Journal:
- MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive / Volume 1465 / 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 May 2012, mrss12-1465-ss07-12
- Print publication:
- 2012
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Bacteriophytochromes (Bphs) are red-light photoreceptors found in photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic bacteria that have been engineered into infrared fluorescent protein markers. Bphs are composed of a photosensory module that is covalently linked to an effector/regulatory module, usually a histidine kinase (HK) domain. Light-induced, global structural changes are proposed to originate within the covalently attached biliverdin chromophore, a linear tetrapyrrole, and propagate through the protein. Bphs undergo reversible photoconversion between two distinct red and far-red light absorbing states, denoted Pr and Pfr respectively. For most Bphs, Pr is the dark-adapted state. The energy dissipated during Pr/Pfr photoconversion is proposed to directly impact the infrared fluorescence quantum yield. At this time, only structures of three different Bphs have been published, all of truncated proteins in their respective dark-adapted states. We have utilized scanning probe microscopy (SPM) to investigate the structure of intact Bphs in the light-adapted state in order to gain new insight into the mechanism of photoconversion and fluorescence. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) analysis of a pair of Bphs from photosynthetic bacterium R. palustris, RpBphP2 (P2) and RpBphP3 (P3) in their light-adapted states is presented in these proceedings. The concentration of the depositing protein has a key role in the molecular arrangements observed on the highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. For example, at a high protein concentration, a hexagonal lattice of Bphs is observed by STM on a HOPG surface. Upon dilution, the photoreceptors self-organize into fiber-like structures on the surface. In these fibers, the dimer interface and the individual domains of the Bphs can be assigned and directly compared to a structural model of the intact, full-length proteins. In summary, SPM has potential to be an effective method for gaining new insight into Bph structure and dynamics.
Rupture of pulmonary aneurysms in association with long-standing Waterston shunts
- Dearbhla A. Hull, Elliot Shinebourne, Leon Gerlis, Andrew G. Nicholson, Mary N. Sheppard
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- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 11 / Issue 1 / January 2001
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 July 2011, pp. 123-127
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Anastomosis of the ascending aorta to the right pulmonary artery, the so-called Waterston shunt, was undertaken as a palliative procedure for children with cyanotic congenital heart disease due to obstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract with reduced pulmonary blood flow. We present the clinico-pathological correlations in two patients who underwent construction of Waterston shunts as neonates, and subsequently died of ruptured pulmonary aneurysms in adult life. Rupture should, therefore, be recognized as a late complication of this procedure, and be considered in the long-term follow-up of such patients, especially when the shunted lung is hypertensive.
The Implication of Fair Value Accounting for General Insurance Companies
- P. K. Clark, P. H. Hinton, E. J. Nicholson, L. Storey, G. G. Wells, M. G. White
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- Journal:
- British Actuarial Journal / Volume 9 / Issue 5 / 01 December 2003
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 June 2011, pp. 1007-1044
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The International Accounting Standards Board is undertaking a project to develop an Accounting Standard for Insurance. The basis for these proposals is that assets and liabilities should be shown at fair values (market values for quoted instruments). This is an updated version of a paper, prepared by a Working Party established by the General Insurance Research Organisation (GIRO) of the General Insurance Board of the actuarial profession of the United Kingdom, which was first presented to the GIRO Conference in October 2002. This paper summarises and comments upon the principal features of the proposals as they have emerged up to February 2003. The paper considers the implications for general insurance companies of these proposals. In particular, it examines the concept of market value margins, and the practical issues that insurance companies are likely to encounter in implementing them. The emphasis of the paper is on reporting for general insurance business, although many of the principles apply equally to life assurance.
Association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with de novo major depression
- Julie A. Pasco, Geoffrey C. Nicholson, Lana J. Williams, Felice N. Jacka, Margaret J. Henry, Mark A. Kotowicz, Hans G. Schneider, Brian E. Leonard, Michael Berk
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 197 / Issue 5 / November 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 372-377
- Print publication:
- November 2010
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Background
Although there is cross-sectional evidence that changes in the immune system contribute to the pathophysiology of depression, longitudinal data capable of elucidating cause and effect relationships are lacking.
AimsWe aimed to determine whether subclinical systemic inflammation, as measured by serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentration, is associated with an increased risk of de novo major depressive disorder.
MethodMajor depressive disorder was diagnosed using a clinical interview (SCID–I/NP). This is a retrospective cohort study; from a population-based sample of 1494 randomly selected women recruited at baseline during the period 1994–7, 822 were followed for a decade and provided measures of both exposure and outcome. Of these women, 644 (aged 20–84 years) had no prior history of depression at baseline and were eligible for analysis.
ResultsDuring 5827 person-years of follow-up, 48 cases of de novo major depressive disorder were identified. The hazard ratio (HR) for depression increased by 44% for each standard deviation increase in log-transformed hsCRP (ln-hsCRP) (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.04–1.99), after adjusting for weight, smoking and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Further adjustment for other lifestyle factors, medications and comorbidity failed to explain the observed increased risk for depression.
ConclusionsSerum hsCRP is an independent risk marker for de novo major depressive disorder in women. This supports an aetiological role for inflammatory activity in the pathophysiology of depression.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. 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- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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