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Fetal echocardiographic features associated with bicuspid aortic valve
- Joseph Burns, Madhusudan Ganigara, Jane E. Cerise, Denise A. Hayes
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- Journal:
- Cardiology in the Young / Volume 34 / Issue 1 / January 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 12 May 2023, pp. 50-55
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Background:
Prenatal diagnosis of bicuspid aortic valve is challenging. Bicuspid aortic valve is often associated with aortic dilation.
Methods:Fetuses with postnatally confirmed bicuspid aortic valve were gestational age-matched with normal controls. Complex lesions were excluded. Aortic valve and arch measurements by two blinded investigators were compared.
Results:We identified 27 cases and 27 controls. Estimated fetal weight percentile was lower in cases than controls. Seven cases had one or more significant lesions including perimembranous ventricular septal defects (n = 2), isolated annular hypoplasia (n = 2), and/or arch hypoplasia/coarctation (n = 4). Fetuses with bicuspid aortic valves had significantly smaller median z-scores of the aortic annulus (–1.60 versus –0.53, p < 0.001) and root (–1.10 versus –0.53, p = 0.040), and larger ratios of root to annulus (1.32 versus 1.21, p < 0.001), sinotubular junction to annulus (1.07 versus 0.99, p < 0.001), ascending aorta to annulus (1.29 versus 1.18, p < 0.001), and transverse aorta to annulus (1.04 versus 0.96, p = 0.023). Leaflets were “doming” in 11 cases (41%) and 0 controls (p = 0.010), “thickened” in 10 cases (37%) and 0 controls (p = 0.002). We noted similar findings in the subgroup without significant additional cardiac defects.
Conclusions:The appearance of doming or thickened aortic valve leaflets on fetal echocardiogram is associated with bicuspid aortic valve. Compared to controls, fetuses with bicuspid aortic valve had smaller aortic annulus sizes (possibly related to smaller fetal size) without proportionally smaller aortic measurements, resulting in larger aortic dimension to annulus ratios. Despite inherent challenges of diagnosing bicuspid aortic valve prenatally, these findings may increase suspicion and prompt appropriate postnatal follow-up.
The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia: Canadian Cohort Study
- Howard Chertkow, Michael Borrie, Victor Whitehead, Sandra E. Black, Howard H. Feldman, Serge Gauthier, David B. Hogan, Mario Masellis, Katherine McGilton, Kenneth Rockwood, Mary C. Tierney, Melissa Andrew, Ging-Yuek R. Hsiung, Richard Camicioli, Eric E. Smith, Jennifer Fogarty, Joseph Lindsay, Sarah Best, Alan Evans, Samir Das, Zia Mohaddes, Randi Pilon, Judes Poirier, Natalie A. Phillips, Elizabeth MacNamara, Roger A. Dixon, Simon Duchesne, Ian MacKenzie, R. Jane Rylett
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- Journal:
- Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Volume 46 / Issue 5 / September 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 July 2019, pp. 499-511
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Background:
The Comprehensive Assessment of Neurodegeneration and Dementia (COMPASS-ND) cohort study of the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) is a national initiative to catalyze research on dementia, set up to support the research agendas of CCNA teams. This cross-country longitudinal cohort of 2310 deeply phenotyped subjects with various forms of dementia and mild memory loss or concerns, along with cognitively intact elderly subjects, will test hypotheses generated by these teams.
Methods:The COMPASS-ND protocol, initial grant proposal for funding, fifth semi-annual CCNA Progress Report submitted to the Canadian Institutes of Health Research December 2017, and other documents supplemented by modifications made and lessons learned after implementation were used by the authors to create the description of the study provided here.
Results:The CCNA COMPASS-ND cohort includes participants from across Canada with various cognitive conditions associated with or at risk of neurodegenerative diseases. They will undergo a wide range of experimental, clinical, imaging, and genetic investigation to specifically address the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these conditions in the aging population. Data derived from clinical and cognitive assessments, biospecimens, brain imaging, genetics, and brain donations will be used to test hypotheses generated by CCNA research teams and other Canadian researchers. The study is the most comprehensive and ambitious Canadian study of dementia. Initial data posting occurred in 2018, with the full cohort to be accrued by 2020.
Conclusion:Availability of data from the COMPASS-ND study will provide a major stimulus for dementia research in Canada in the coming years.
3265 Analysis of High-Dimensional Patient Data in Characterizing Alzheimer’s Disease Progression
- Daniel Baer, Andrew B. Lawson, Brandon Vaughan, Jane E. Joseph
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 3 / Issue s1 / March 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 26 March 2019, p. 3
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Our research hypothesis is that resting state fMRI (rsfMRI) data can be used to identify regions of the brain which are associated with cognitive decline in patients – thereby providing a tool by which to characterize AD progression in patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We used data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) to analyze Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire scores from 14 patients diagnosed with AD at two measurement occasions. RsfMRI data was available at the first of these occasions for these patients. These rsfMRI data were summarized into 264 node-based graph theory measures of clustering coefficient and eigenvector centrality. To address our research hypothesis, we modeled changes in patient MMSE scores over time as a function of these rsfMRI data, controlling for relevant confounding factors. This model accounted for the high-dimensionality of our predictor data, the longitudinal nature of the outcome, and our desire to identify a subset of regions in the brain most associated with the MMSE outcome. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The use of either the clustering coefficient or eigenvector centrality rsfMRI predictors in modeling MMSE scores for patients over time resulted in the identification of different subsets of brain regions associated with cognitive decline. This suggests that these predictors capture different information on patient propensity for cognitive decline. Further work is warranted to validate these results on a larger sample of ADNI patients. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We conclude that different rsfMRI graph theory measures capture different aspects of cognitive function and decline in patients, which could be a future consideration in clinical practice.
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- By Mitchell Aboulafia, Frederick Adams, Marilyn McCord Adams, Robert M. Adams, Laird Addis, James W. Allard, David Allison, William P. Alston, Karl Ameriks, C. Anthony Anderson, David Leech Anderson, Lanier Anderson, Roger Ariew, David Armstrong, Denis G. Arnold, E. J. Ashworth, Margaret Atherton, Robin Attfield, Bruce Aune, Edward Wilson Averill, Jody Azzouni, Kent Bach, Andrew Bailey, Lynne Rudder Baker, Thomas R. Baldwin, Jon Barwise, George Bealer, William Bechtel, Lawrence C. Becker, Mark A. Bedau, Ernst Behler, José A. Benardete, Ermanno Bencivenga, Jan Berg, Michael Bergmann, Robert L. Bernasconi, Sven Bernecker, Bernard Berofsky, Rod Bertolet, Charles J. Beyer, Christian Beyer, Joseph Bien, Joseph Bien, Peg Birmingham, Ivan Boh, James Bohman, Daniel Bonevac, Laurence BonJour, William J. Bouwsma, Raymond D. Bradley, Myles Brand, Richard B. Brandt, Michael E. Bratman, Stephen E. Braude, Daniel Breazeale, Angela Breitenbach, Jason Bridges, David O. Brink, Gordon G. Brittan, Justin Broackes, Dan W. Brock, Aaron Bronfman, Jeffrey E. Brower, Bartosz Brozek, Anthony Brueckner, Jeffrey Bub, Lara Buchak, Otavio Bueno, Ann E. Bumpus, Robert W. Burch, John Burgess, Arthur W. Burks, Panayot Butchvarov, Robert E. Butts, Marina Bykova, Patrick Byrne, David Carr, Noël Carroll, Edward S. Casey, Victor Caston, Victor Caston, Albert Casullo, Robert L. Causey, Alan K. L. Chan, Ruth Chang, Deen K. Chatterjee, Andrew Chignell, Roderick M. Chisholm, Kelly J. Clark, E. J. Coffman, Robin Collins, Brian P. Copenhaver, John Corcoran, John Cottingham, Roger Crisp, Frederick J. Crosson, Antonio S. Cua, Phillip D. Cummins, Martin Curd, Adam Cureton, Andrew Cutrofello, Stephen Darwall, Paul Sheldon Davies, Wayne A. Davis, Timothy Joseph Day, Claudio de Almeida, Mario De Caro, Mario De Caro, John Deigh, C. F. Delaney, Daniel C. Dennett, Michael R. DePaul, Michael Detlefsen, Daniel Trent Devereux, Philip E. Devine, John M. Dillon, Martin C. Dillon, Robert DiSalle, Mary Domski, Alan Donagan, Paul Draper, Fred Dretske, Mircea Dumitru, Wilhelm Dupré, Gerald Dworkin, John Earman, Ellery Eells, Catherine Z. Elgin, Berent Enç, Ronald P. Endicott, Edward Erwin, John Etchemendy, C. Stephen Evans, Susan L. Feagin, Solomon Feferman, Richard Feldman, Arthur Fine, Maurice A. Finocchiaro, William FitzPatrick, Richard E. Flathman, Gvozden Flego, Richard Foley, Graeme Forbes, Rainer Forst, Malcolm R. Forster, Daniel Fouke, Patrick Francken, Samuel Freeman, Elizabeth Fricker, Miranda Fricker, Michael Friedman, Michael Fuerstein, Richard A. Fumerton, Alan Gabbey, Pieranna Garavaso, Daniel Garber, Jorge L. A. Garcia, Robert K. Garcia, Don Garrett, Philip Gasper, Gerald Gaus, Berys Gaut, Bernard Gert, Roger F. Gibson, Cody Gilmore, Carl Ginet, Alan H. Goldman, Alvin I. Goldman, Alfonso Gömez-Lobo, Lenn E. Goodman, Robert M. Gordon, Stefan Gosepath, Jorge J. E. Gracia, Daniel W. Graham, George A. Graham, Peter J. Graham, Richard E. Grandy, I. Grattan-Guinness, John Greco, Philip T. Grier, Nicholas Griffin, Nicholas Griffin, David A. Griffiths, Paul J. Griffiths, Stephen R. Grimm, Charles L. Griswold, Charles B. Guignon, Pete A. Y. Gunter, Dimitri Gutas, Gary Gutting, Paul Guyer, Kwame Gyekye, Oscar A. Haac, Raul Hakli, Raul Hakli, Michael Hallett, Edward C. Halper, Jean Hampton, R. James Hankinson, K. R. Hanley, Russell Hardin, Robert M. Harnish, William Harper, David Harrah, Kevin Hart, Ali Hasan, William Hasker, John Haugeland, Roger Hausheer, William Heald, Peter Heath, Richard Heck, John F. Heil, Vincent F. Hendricks, Stephen Hetherington, Francis Heylighen, Kathleen Marie Higgins, Risto Hilpinen, Harold T. Hodes, Joshua Hoffman, Alan Holland, Robert L. Holmes, Richard Holton, Brad W. Hooker, Terence E. Horgan, Tamara Horowitz, Paul Horwich, Vittorio Hösle, Paul Hoβfeld, Daniel Howard-Snyder, Frances Howard-Snyder, Anne Hudson, Deal W. Hudson, Carl A. Huffman, David L. Hull, Patricia Huntington, Thomas Hurka, Paul Hurley, Rosalind Hursthouse, Guillermo Hurtado, Ronald E. Hustwit, Sarah Hutton, Jonathan Jenkins Ichikawa, Harry A. Ide, David Ingram, Philip J. Ivanhoe, Alfred L. Ivry, Frank Jackson, Dale Jacquette, Joseph Jedwab, Richard Jeffrey, David Alan Johnson, Edward Johnson, Mark D. Jordan, Richard Joyce, Hwa Yol Jung, Robert Hillary Kane, Tomis Kapitan, Jacquelyn Ann K. Kegley, James A. Keller, Ralph Kennedy, Sergei Khoruzhii, Jaegwon Kim, Yersu Kim, Nathan L. King, Patricia Kitcher, Peter D. Klein, E. D. Klemke, Virginia Klenk, George L. Kline, Christian Klotz, Simo Knuuttila, Joseph J. Kockelmans, Konstantin Kolenda, Sebastian Tomasz Kołodziejczyk, Isaac Kramnick, Richard Kraut, Fred Kroon, Manfred Kuehn, Steven T. Kuhn, Henry E. Kyburg, John Lachs, Jennifer Lackey, Stephen E. Lahey, Andrea Lavazza, Thomas H. Leahey, Joo Heung Lee, Keith Lehrer, Dorothy Leland, Noah M. Lemos, Ernest LePore, Sarah-Jane Leslie, Isaac Levi, Andrew Levine, Alan E. Lewis, Daniel E. Little, Shu-hsien Liu, Shu-hsien Liu, Alan K. L. Chan, Brian Loar, Lawrence B. Lombard, John Longeway, Dominic McIver Lopes, Michael J. Loux, E. J. Lowe, Steven Luper, Eugene C. Luschei, William G. Lycan, David Lyons, David Macarthur, Danielle Macbeth, Scott MacDonald, Jacob L. Mackey, Louis H. Mackey, Penelope Mackie, Edward H. Madden, Penelope Maddy, G. B. Madison, Bernd Magnus, Pekka Mäkelä, Rudolf A. Makkreel, David Manley, William E. Mann (W.E.M.), Vladimir Marchenkov, Peter Markie, Jean-Pierre Marquis, Ausonio Marras, Mike W. Martin, A. P. Martinich, William L. McBride, David McCabe, Storrs McCall, Hugh J. McCann, Robert N. McCauley, John J. McDermott, Sarah McGrath, Ralph McInerny, Daniel J. McKaughan, Thomas McKay, Michael McKinsey, Brian P. McLaughlin, Ernan McMullin, Anthonie Meijers, Jack W. Meiland, William Jason Melanson, Alfred R. Mele, Joseph R. Mendola, Christopher Menzel, Michael J. Meyer, Christian B. Miller, David W. Miller, Peter Millican, Robert N. Minor, Phillip Mitsis, James A. Montmarquet, Michael S. Moore, Tim Moore, Benjamin Morison, Donald R. Morrison, Stephen J. Morse, Paul K. Moser, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos, Ian Mueller, James Bernard Murphy, Mark C. Murphy, Steven Nadler, Jan Narveson, Alan Nelson, Jerome Neu, Samuel Newlands, Kai Nielsen, Ilkka Niiniluoto, Carlos G. Noreña, Calvin G. Normore, David Fate Norton, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Donald Nute, David S. Oderberg, Steve Odin, Michael O’Rourke, Willard G. Oxtoby, Heinz Paetzold, George S. Pappas, Anthony J. Parel, Lydia Patton, R. P. Peerenboom, Francis Jeffry Pelletier, Adriaan T. Peperzak, Derk Pereboom, Jaroslav Peregrin, Glen Pettigrove, Philip Pettit, Edmund L. Pincoffs, Andrew Pinsent, Robert B. Pippin, Alvin Plantinga, Louis P. Pojman, Richard H. Popkin, John F. Post, Carl J. Posy, William J. Prior, Richard Purtill, Michael Quante, Philip L. Quinn, Philip L. Quinn, Elizabeth S. Radcliffe, Diana Raffman, Gerard Raulet, Stephen L. Read, Andrews Reath, Andrew Reisner, Nicholas Rescher, Henry S. Richardson, Robert C. Richardson, Thomas Ricketts, Wayne D. Riggs, Mark Roberts, Robert C. Roberts, Luke Robinson, Alexander Rosenberg, Gary Rosenkranz, Bernice Glatzer Rosenthal, Adina L. Roskies, William L. Rowe, T. M. Rudavsky, Michael Ruse, Bruce Russell, Lilly-Marlene Russow, Dan Ryder, R. M. Sainsbury, Joseph Salerno, Nathan Salmon, Wesley C. Salmon, Constantine Sandis, David H. Sanford, Marco Santambrogio, David Sapire, Ruth A. Saunders, Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, Charles Sayward, James P. Scanlan, Richard Schacht, Tamar Schapiro, Frederick F. Schmitt, Jerome B. Schneewind, Calvin O. Schrag, Alan D. Schrift, George F. Schumm, Jean-Loup Seban, David N. Sedley, Kenneth Seeskin, Krister Segerberg, Charlene Haddock Seigfried, Dennis M. Senchuk, James F. Sennett, William Lad Sessions, Stewart Shapiro, Tommie Shelby, Donald W. Sherburne, Christopher Shields, Roger A. Shiner, Sydney Shoemaker, Robert K. Shope, Kwong-loi Shun, Wilfried Sieg, A. John Simmons, Robert L. Simon, Marcus G. Singer, Georgette Sinkler, Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, Matti T. Sintonen, Lawrence Sklar, Brian Skyrms, Robert C. Sleigh, Michael Anthony Slote, Hans Sluga, Barry Smith, Michael Smith, Robin Smith, Robert Sokolowski, Robert C. Solomon, Marta Soniewicka, Philip Soper, Ernest Sosa, Nicholas Southwood, Paul Vincent Spade, T. L. S. Sprigge, Eric O. Springsted, George J. Stack, Rebecca Stangl, Jason Stanley, Florian Steinberger, Sören Stenlund, Christopher Stephens, James P. Sterba, Josef Stern, Matthias Steup, M. A. Stewart, Leopold Stubenberg, Edith Dudley Sulla, Frederick Suppe, Jere Paul Surber, David George Sussman, Sigrún Svavarsdóttir, Zeno G. Swijtink, Richard Swinburne, Charles C. Taliaferro, Robert B. Talisse, John Tasioulas, Paul Teller, Larry S. Temkin, Mark Textor, H. S. Thayer, Peter Thielke, Alan Thomas, Amie L. Thomasson, Katherine Thomson-Jones, Joshua C. Thurow, Vzalerie Tiberius, Terrence N. Tice, Paul Tidman, Mark C. Timmons, William Tolhurst, James E. Tomberlin, Rosemarie Tong, Lawrence Torcello, Kelly Trogdon, J. D. Trout, Robert E. Tully, Raimo Tuomela, John Turri, Martin M. Tweedale, Thomas Uebel, Jennifer Uleman, James Van Cleve, Harry van der Linden, Peter van Inwagen, Bryan W. Van Norden, René van Woudenberg, Donald Phillip Verene, Samantha Vice, Thomas Vinci, Donald Wayne Viney, Barbara Von Eckardt, Peter B. M. Vranas, Steven J. Wagner, William J. Wainwright, Paul E. Walker, Robert E. Wall, Craig Walton, Douglas Walton, Eric Watkins, Richard A. Watson, Michael V. Wedin, Rudolph H. Weingartner, Paul Weirich, Paul J. Weithman, Carl Wellman, Howard Wettstein, Samuel C. Wheeler, Stephen A. White, Jennifer Whiting, Edward R. Wierenga, Michael Williams, Fred Wilson, W. Kent Wilson, Kenneth P. Winkler, John F. Wippel, Jan Woleński, Allan B. Wolter, Nicholas P. Wolterstorff, Rega Wood, W. Jay Wood, Paul Woodruff, Alison Wylie, Gideon Yaffe, Takashi Yagisawa, Yutaka Yamamoto, Keith E. Yandell, Xiaomei Yang, Dean Zimmerman, Günter Zoller, Catherine Zuckert, Michael Zuckert, Jack A. Zupko (J.A.Z.)
- Edited by Robert Audi, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy
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- 05 August 2015
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- 27 April 2015, pp ix-xxx
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- By Federica Agosta, Alberto Albanese, Timothy J. Amrhein, A. M. Barrett, Walter S. Bartynski, Felix Benninger, Thomas Brandt, Andrew G. Burke, Michelle Cameron, Elisa Canu, Louis R. Caplan, Christine M. Carr, Daniel J. A. Connolly, Firouz Daneshgari, John DeLuca, Marianne de Visser, Marianne Dieterich, Antonio E. Elia, Joseph H. Feinberg, Massimo Filippi, Lauren C. Frey, Gaëtan Garraux, Andrea Ginestroni, Peter J. Goadsby, Bronwyn E. Hamilton, Simon J. Hickman, Holly E. Hinson, Jon P. Jennings, Jan Kassubek, Horacio Kaufmann, David M. Kaylie, Joanna Kitley, Vladimir S. Kostic, C. T. Paul Krediet, Megan C. Leary, Farooq H. Maniyar, Ken R. Maravilla, Mario Mascalchi, Rajarshi Mazumder, Priyesh Mehta, Jacqueline A. Palace, Raj M. Paspulati, Christopher A. Potter, Angelo Quattrini, Louis P. Riccelli, Nilo Riva, Maria A. Rocca, Mirabelle B. Sajisevi, Richard Salazar-Montero, Nicholas D. Schiff, Jack H. Simon, Israel Steiner, Carl D. Stevens, Bart P. van de Warrenburg, Judith van Gaalen, William J. Weiner, Jane L. Weissman, Jay Yao, G. Bryan Young
- Edited by Massimo Filippi, Jack H. Simon
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- Imaging Acute Neurologic Disease
- Published online:
- 05 October 2014
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- 11 September 2014, pp vi-viii
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Genes, Environments, and Developmental Research: Methods for a Multi-Site Study of Early Substance Abuse
- E. Jane Costello, Lindon Eaves, Patrick Sullivan, Martin Kennedy, Kevin Conway, Daniel E. Adkins, A. Angold, Shaunna L. Clark, Alaattin Erkanli, Joseph L. McClay, William Copeland, Hermine H. Maes, Youfang Liu, Ashwin A. Patkar, Judy Silberg, Edwin van den Oord
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- Twin Research and Human Genetics / Volume 16 / Issue 2 / April 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 06 March 2013, pp. 505-515
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The importance of including developmental and environmental measures in genetic studies of human pathology is widely acknowledged, but few empirical studies have been published. Barriers include the need for longitudinal studies that cover relevant developmental stages and for samples large enough to deal with the challenge of testing gene–environment–development interaction. A solution to some of these problems is to bring together existing data sets that have the necessary characteristics. As part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded Gene-Environment-Development Initiative, our goal is to identify exactly which genes, which environments, and which developmental transitions together predict the development of drug use and misuse. Four data sets were used of which common characteristics include (1) general population samples, including males and females; (2) repeated measures across adolescence and young adulthood; (3) assessment of nicotine, alcohol, and cannabis use and addiction; (4) measures of family and environmental risk; and (5) consent for genotyping DNA from blood or saliva. After quality controls, 2,962 individuals provided over 15,000 total observations. In the first gene–environment analyses, of alcohol misuse and stressful life events, some significant gene–environment and gene–development effects were identified. We conclude that in some circumstances, already collected data sets can be combined for gene–environment and gene–development analyses. This greatly reduces the cost and time needed for this type of research. However, care must be taken to ensure careful matching across studies and variables.
Depressive symptoms, antidepressant use, and future cognitive health in postmenopausal women: the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study
- Joseph S. Goveas, Patricia E. Hogan, Jane M. Kotchen, Jordan W. Smoller, Natalie L. Denburg, JoAnn E. Manson, Aruna Tummala, W. Jerry Mysiw, Judith K. Ockene, Nancy F. Woods, Mark A. Espeland, Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
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- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 24 / Issue 8 / August 2012
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- 03 February 2012, pp. 1252-1264
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Background: Antidepressants are commonly prescribed medications in the elderly, but their relationship with incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia is unknown.
Methods: The study cohort included 6,998 cognitively healthy, postmenopausal women, aged 65–79 years, who were enrolled in a hormone therapy clinical trial and had baseline depressive symptoms and antidepressant use history assessments at enrollment, and at least one postbaseline cognitive measurement. Participants were followed annually and the follow-up averaged 7.5 years for MCI and probable dementia outcomes. A central adjudication committee classified the presence of MCI and probable dementia based on extensive neuropsychiatric examination.
Results: Three hundred and eighty-three (5%) women were on antidepressants at baseline. Antidepressant use was associated with a 70% increased risk of MCI, after controlling for potential covariates including the degree of depressive symptom severity. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were both associated with MCI (SSRIs: hazard ratios (HR), 1.78 [95% CI, 1.01–3.13]; TCAs: HR, 1.78 [95% CI, 0.99–3.21]). Depressed users (HR, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.24–4.80]), non-depressed users (HR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.13–2.85]), and depressed non-users (HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.13–2.32]) had increased risk of incident MCI. Similarly, all three groups had increased risk of either MCI or dementia, relative to the control cohort.
Conclusions: Antidepressant use and different levels of depression severity were associated with subsequent cognitive impairment in a large cohort of postmenopausal women. Future research should examine the role of antidepressants in the depression–dementia relationship and determine if antidepressants can prevent incident MCI and dementia in individuals with late-life depression subtypes with different levels of severity.
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- By John Andrzejowski, Joseph E. Arrowsmith, Sam Bass, Clare Bates, Dominic Bell, David Bogod, Tim M. Cook, Mike Coupe, Mark Dougherty, Derek Duane, Peter Faber, Fay J. Gilder, Helen Goddard, Tom Holmes, Victoria Howell, James Hoyle, Aoibhin Hutchinson, Alison Kavanagh, Andrew A. Klein, Nick Lees, Benias Mugabe, Jurgens Nortje, Felicity Plaat, Saxon Ridley, Andrew Roscoe, Martin Shields, Alistair Steel, Jane Sturgess, Rajinikanth Sundararajan, Kasia Szypula, Dafydd Thomas, Hamish Thomson, Kamen Valchanov, A. James Varley, Stephen T. Webb, Matt Wilkner, Nick Woodall
- Edited by Kamen Valchanov, Stephen T. Webb, Jane Sturgess
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- Anaesthetic and Perioperative Complications
- Published online:
- 07 October 2011
- Print publication:
- 22 September 2011, pp ix-x
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- By Louise B. Andrew, Jane C. Ballantyne, Sadek Beloucif, David Clendenin, Maliha A. Darugar, Joanna M. Davies, Michael DeVita, Denise M. Dudzinski, Bernice Elger, Monica Escher, Joel E Frader, Kelly Fryer-Edwards, James Giordano, Allen Gustin, Rebecca M. Harris, Gerhard Höver, Steven K. Howard, Carl C. Hug, Samia Hurst, Steven Jackson, Nancy S. Jecker, Jonathan D Katz, Joseph Klein, W. Andrew Kofke, Ruth Landau, Craig D. McClain MD, Alex Mauron, Kelly N. Michelson, Cynthiane J. Morgenweck, William Notcutt, Michael Nurok, Susan K. Palmer, Joan G. Quaine, Michael A. Rie, Stanley H. Rosenbaum, David M. Rothenberg, Robert B. Schonberger, Mark D. Siegel, Jeffrey H. Silverstein, Murali Sivarajan, Karen Souter MD, Thomas Specht MD, Andrea Trescot, Gail A. Van Norman, A.M. Viens, Elizabeth K. Vig, David B. Waisel, Clarence Ward, James M. West, Richard L Wolman, Steve Yentis
- Edited by Gail A. Van Norman, University of Washington, Stephen Jackson, Stanley H. Rosenbaum, Susan K. Palmer
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- Clinical Ethics in Anesthesiology
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- 05 March 2012
- Print publication:
- 28 October 2010, pp xi-xiv
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. 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Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
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- 05 August 2012
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- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Contributors
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- By Pratap R. Chokka, Louisa K. Coulson, Vivienne A. Curtis, Anne Duffy, Klaus P. Ebmeier, I. Nicol Ferrier, E. Jane Garland, Jose M. Goikolea, Heinz Grunze, Carol Henshaw, Lucie L. Herrmann, Chennattucherry John Joseph, Annie J. Kuan, Adrian J. Lloyd, Karine A.N. Macritchie, Marisa Le Masurier, Victoria Maxwell, Erin E. Michalak, Yee Ming Mok, Richard Morriss, Greg Murray, Charles B. Nemeroff, Sagar V. Parikh, Giulio Perugi, Dina Popovic, Alan J. Thomas, Vytas Velyvis, Eduard Vieta, Lakshmi N. Yatham, Vikram K. Yeragani, Allan H. Young
- Edited by Allan H. Young, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, I. Nicol Ferrier, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Erin E. Michalak, University of British Columbia, Vancouver
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- Practical Management of Bipolar Disorder
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- 04 August 2010
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- 20 May 2010, pp vi-viii
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- By Ashok Agarwal, Joseph P Alukal, Deborah J Anderson, Linda D Applegarth, Saleh Binsaleh, Elizabeth M Bloom, Karen E Boyle, Nancy L Brackett, Robert E Brannigan, James V Bruckner, Victor M Brugh, Ettore Caroppo, Grace M Centola, Aleksander Chudnovsky, Susan L Crockin, Fnu Deepinder, David M. Fenig, Aaron B Grotas, Matthew P. Hardy, Wayne J. G. Hellstrom, Stanton C Honig, Stuart S Howards, Keith Jarvi, Rajasingam S Jeyendran, William E Kaplan, Edward Karpman, Sanjay S Kasturi, Mohit Khera, Nancy A Klein, Dolores J Lamb, Jane M Lewis, Larry I Lipshultz, Kirk C Lo, Charles M Lynne, R. Dale McClure, Antoine A Makhlouf, Myles Margolis, Clara I. Marín-Briggiler, Randall B Meacham, Jesse N Mills, John P Mulhall, Alexander Müller, Christine Mullin, Harris M Nagler, Craig S Niederberger, Robert D Oates, Dana A Ohl, E. Charles Osterberg, Rodrigo L Pagani, Vassilios Papadopoulos, Joseph A Politch, Gail S Prins, Angela A Reese, Susan A Rothmann, Edmund S Sabanegh, Denny Sakkas, Jay I Sandlow, Richard A Schoor, Paulo C Serafini, Mark Sigman, Suresh C Sikka, Rebecca Z Sokol, Jens Sønksen, Miguel Srougi, James Stelling, Justin Tannir, Anthony J Thomas, Paul J Turek, Terry T Turner, Mónica H. Vazquez-Levin, Moshe Wald, Thomas J Walsh, Thomas M Wheeler, Daniel H Williams, Armand Zini, Barry R Zirkin
- Edited by Larry I. Lipshultz, Stuart S. Howards, University of Virginia, Craig S. Niederberger, University of Illinois, Chicago
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- Infertility in the Male
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DSM-IV Internal Construct Validity: When a Taxonomy Meets Data
- Catharina A. Hartman, Joop Hox, Gideon J. Mellenbergh, Michael H. Boyle, David R. Offord, Yvonne Racine, Jane McNamee, Kenneth D. Gadow, Joyce Sprafkin, Kevin L. Kelly, Edith E. Nolan, Rosemary Tannock, Russell Schachar, Harry Schut, Ingrid Postma, Rob Drost, Joseph A. Sergeant
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- The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines / Volume 42 / Issue 6 / September 2001
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- 01 October 2001, pp. 817-836
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The use of DSM-IV based questionnaires in child psychopathology is on the increase. The internal construct validity of a DSM-IV based model of ADHD, CD, ODD, Generalised Anxiety, and Depression was investigated in 11 samples by confirmatory factor analysis. The factorial structure of these syndrome dimensions was supported by the data. However, the model did not meet absolute standards of good model fit. Two sources of error are discussed in detail: multidimensionality of syndrome scales, and the presence of many symptoms that are diagnostically ambiguous with regard to the targeted syndrome dimension. It is argued that measurement precision may be increased by more careful operationalisation of the symptoms in the questionnaire. Additional approaches towards improved conceptualisation of DSM-IV are briefly discussed. A sharper DSM-IV model may improve the accuracy of inferences based on scale scores and provide more precise research findings with regard to relations with variables external to the taxonomy.
Chapter 6 - THE ROLE OF GENDER IN HOME COMPUTER USE
- Joseph B. Giacquinta, New York University, Jo Anne Bauer, Jane E. Levin
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- Beyond Technology's Promise
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- 28 January 1994, pp 80-100
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The computer is not as important an issue as some have made it, but rather another appliance which has many uses and makes life easier. … You can't fall in love with your washing machine or your computer! If they're interested fine, but to me it's not a big deal.
(A SITE mother)Much research on schools has addressed itself to differences between the sexes in their computer use and attitudes. Although the importance of the family context for “the learning and enacting of gender roles” (Lipman-Blumen, 1984) has been widely recognized, few studies have focused on the extent to which gender-related patterns influence computer activity at home. The integration of computer technology into family settings has the potential for either minimizing or maximizing gender differences in educational and technological opportunities.
In this chapter, we explore similarities and differences in computer use between the male and female members of our study group. We give special attention to the responses of mothers. Six key findings emerged: (1) males and females differed markedly in type of computer use (fathers and sons showed a broader range of interest and usage); (2) females in the households used the home computers less often than the males, and mothers were particularly estranged from the machines; (3) males were the key agents of decision making about the home computers, and fathers were most often responsible for bringing the computer into the home; (4) the sexes held different perceptions and attitudes toward the home computer (their analogies indicated that the computer held a playful and recreational fascination for the males, whereas the females viewed it as strictly utilitarian, as a practical tool for getting things done); (5) interactions around the home computers often accentuated gender-role tensions between the parents and challenged the women's sense of competence within their homes; and (6) despite important generational differences, parental behavior and attitudes appeared to have a “gendering” impact on children's perceptions about computer technology.
Appendix E - SPECIFIC STEPS FAMILIES MIGHT TAKE
- Joseph B. Giacquinta, New York University, Jo Anne Bauer, Jane E. Levin
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- Beyond Technology's Promise
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- 28 January 1994, pp 212-218
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As we indicated in Chapter 12, during the course of writing this book, we had a variety of thoughts about concrete steps that might help parents and children use their home computers for education. In this appendix, we present some of these ideas along with some readings that might be of assistance to them.
CREATORS AND PRODUCERS
The creators and producers of academic software could redouble their efforts to conceptualize role behaviors of parents that would facilitate children's use of their educational software at home. They could build these thoughts into “guidelines for the home” to accompany software. The design of the software itself could incorporate a structure that at least encourages parental involvement and support. Software companies could also provide effective in-service training of software salespersons, who in turn could better assist parents in the choice and use of academic software.
Producers might make children's educational software more appealing to adults as well. An excellent and familiar example is Children's Television Workshop's “Sesame Street,” which incorporates humor and information that parents appreciate. In this way, parents might be encouraged to watch and help children use educational software at home.
Producers and designers, with the help of educational researchers, could design products that would enable parents to structure learning experiences for their children. There are examples of teams of applied researchers and producers working together to produce multimedia learning environments. With the aid of such a team, product development can be shaped by the actual use of the technology in real social contexts.
Chapter 9 - REDEFINING A NEW TECHNOLOGY AS A SOCIAL INNOVATION
- Joseph B. Giacquinta, New York University, Jo Anne Bauer, Jane E. Levin
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- Beyond Technology's Promise
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- 05 March 2012
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- 28 January 1994, pp 132-148
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Change is not slowed simply because people like the status quo ante, or even because they fear uncertainty... Often it is blocked because people fail to create good new ways of acting, thinking, and relating to each other.
(Calhoun, 1981, p. 422)In this chapter and the two that follow, we discuss three broad lessons emerging from our study, lessons indicating that new technologies should be viewed as social innovations. We start with the point that educational computer use at home – or for that matter the use of any technology in any setting – requires a compatible “social envelope’ if promised outcomes such as children's mastery of academic subject matter or computer tool skills are to occur. Our findings suggest that these educational promises have not been met in part because parents and children lack a clear image of the needed social envelope. Their lack of vision is due in large measure to the neglect of these social behaviors and relations, especially by advocates of home educational computing.
Therefore, one broad lesson of our research is that creators and promoters will need to develop clearer visions or images of effective home envelopes if they want to encourage children, with the cooperation of their parents, to engage in serious educational computing.
In this chapter, we explore the social-envelope concept and relate our findings to it. We then propose ways to develop clearer images of social envelopes for effective home educational computing.
Chapter 8 - CHILDREN'S PREFERENCE FOR GAMES
- Joseph B. Giacquinta, New York University, Jo Anne Bauer, Jane E. Levin
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- Beyond Technology's Promise
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- 28 January 1994, pp 118-131
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The key to using microcomputers … is to see the machine as a tool or toy that makes possible things that were formerly impossible.… The machine must be viewed as a toy in its best sense: namely, something that is non-threatening, enjoyable, entertaining, and that provides information or a service we find useful.
(Silvern, 1987, p. 80)As we have seen, the perceived quality and availability of educational software had an effect on home educational computing among the children in our study. The degree of parental leadership, the role of gender, and school emphasis also contributed to the lack of home effort. Children's strong preference for games was another important force that kept children from engaging in educational home computing and increased the likelihood of their lack of receptivity to such endeavors.
It is common knowledge that children (as well as adults) are intrigued by computer games. Educators have tried to analyze this fascination (Greenfield, 1984; Malone, 1984; Perkins, 1983) and journalists frequently write about the widespread interest in video games.
In this chapter we compare the children's clear attraction to the playing of computer games to their rejection of academic computing. We discuss some of the reasons for these positive and negative reactions and examine how the conceptions parents and children had of computers may have affected reactions to computer games and to educational software.
Game playing was the primary computer activity for most of the children in our study. Fieldworkers frequently observed that “the children spend as much time as they can playing with the games” and “they seem to gravitate toward games.”
Chapter 11 - REEXAMINING THE HOME-SCHOOL COMPUTER CONNECTION
- Joseph B. Giacquinta, New York University, Jo Anne Bauer, Jane E. Levin
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- Beyond Technology's Promise
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- 28 January 1994, pp 167-182
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If appropriate uses of microcomputers in the home are to further educational opportunities, there must be clear and coordinated instructional goals that are developed and accepted by both parents and teachers.
(Kinzer and others, 1985, p. 122)In Chapter 10, we argued that the “long-distance” change strategies of many creators account in part for the limited diffusion and adoption of educational software and, even more important, for the minimal implementation of such software once adopted by families. As highlighted earlier, most families in our study had little awareness of, interest in, or accurate information about good educational software or how to use it effectively once they had it. The schools their children attended did not or could not offer much assistance in this regard. Families that were interested seemed at a loss about where to go to get such information and help. A third broad lesson of our research is that much greater effort needs to be devoted to creating and maintaining effective linking agents to families.
In this chapter, we examine the viability of schools as effective linking agents for home academic computing. After discussing home–school relations in general, we focus on home–school relations surrounding the computer, noting some of the collaborations under way around the country that are promoting educational computing both in school and at home. Then we consider some important conditions that need to be addressed if schools are to become effective links. We also consider several other possible links.
Chapter 12 - WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
- Joseph B. Giacquinta, New York University, Jo Anne Bauer, Jane E. Levin
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- Beyond Technology's Promise
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- 05 March 2012
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- 28 January 1994, pp 183-197
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Summary
We need to spend more effort trying to understand the dynamics of technology as it evolves in different social contexts, and less time promoting or denouncing technology itself.
(Garcia, 1991, p. 29)We began our book by discussing the educational promise of the home computer. In this final chapter, we summarize briefly what our research unearthed about the current reality behind this promise and recap the lessons learned from our study of home educational computing. We then use the example of “interactive multimedia” to illustrate why creators, advocates, educators, and families will need to take these lessons to heart if they wish to get beyond the educational promise of any educational technology. We end with a discussion about the kinds of research needed in the future.
THE EDUCATIONAL PROMISE OF THE HOME COMPUTER
The early and middle 1980s saw the publication of national reports critical of public schooling in the United States. The disenchantment was partly a response to the inadequate number of educated men and women in the work force. It was also triggered by the nation's failure to fulfill its goal of ensuring greater equality of educational opportunity and achievement for its children.
Searching for more effective ways to meet these needs, many reformers saw great promise in the home computer as a tutor and a tool for academic and other forms of learning. Some believed that computer use at home would help children do better at school, that they would be more motivated to learn, and would show increased achievement. Others added that the computer would empower parents to educate their children at home, apart from what happened at school.
Appendix C - SITE LOG ANALYSIS CODEBOOK
- Joseph B. Giacquinta, New York University, Jo Anne Bauer, Jane E. Levin
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- Book:
- Beyond Technology's Promise
- Published online:
- 05 March 2012
- Print publication:
- 28 January 1994, pp 205-209
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- Chapter
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