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3 - Population, 1000–1500
- from Section II - The Medieval Economy, 1000–1500
- General editor Pedro Lains, Universidade de Lisboa
- Edited by Leonor Freire Costa, Universidade de Lisboa, Regina Grafe, European University Institute, Florence, Alfonso Herranz-Loncán, Universitat de Barcelona, David Igual-Luis, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Vicente Pinilla, Universidad de Zaragoza, Hermínia Vasconcelos Vilar, Universidade de Évora, Portugal
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- Book:
- An Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700–2000
- Published online:
- 22 February 2024
- Print publication:
- 29 February 2024, pp 76-101
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Summary
The evolution of population and settlement in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages has similarities and differences with the rest of Western Europe. The differences arise from the process of territorial expansion and feudal colonization developed by the Christian kingdoms against Al-Andalus. That also determined diverse situations among the Christian kingdoms and regional contrasts within them. This chapter explores the evolution of population between approximately 1000 and 1500. The introduction offers a preliminary reflection on the sources and their possibilities and limits. In the second section, the patterns of population change and migration are discussed. Despite some methodological issues, some population figures and their evolution are offered for each area. This shows an evolution in which the late medieval crisis and, above all, the Black Death had a great impact, although uneven in the different kingdoms and territories. The study of rural and urban settlements is addressed in the third section, relating its characteristics and evolution to the social and economic structure in the different areas. Finally, the fourth section studies the population weight and the characteristics of the following urban socio-professional sectors: workers, artisans and merchants.
460 - Unmet needs and loneliness perception among elderly people with chronic diseases
- Paula Pásaro Fernández, Sara López de Hierro Martínez, Cristina Beorlegui Bueno, Patricia Romero López, Miguel Municio González-Quijano, Montse Vergara-Duarte, Raimundo Mateos, Jorge Cuevas, Luís Cordeiro
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 32 / Issue S1 / October 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 04 November 2020, p. 181
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- Article
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Introduction:
Unwanted loneliness is a public health issue due to its high prevalence among elderly people (20-40%) and its relation with morbidity and mortality. There is no clear strategy for addressing this problem given the diversity of needs and resources people with feelings of loneliness have.
Objective:Identify the needs and resources of elderly people with chronic conditions and feelings of loneliness by comparing the patient’s outlook with that of their primary healthcare professional.
Methods:Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive pilot study using theoretical convenience sampling at 5 health facilities in Barcelona (Spain), performed between October and May 2020. Of 159 people selected, 42 were identified to have feelings of loneliness (UCLA < 30) who agreed to participate in the study and their care needs were analysed using the Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE) questionnaire. A descriptive and comparative analysis (Kappa coefficient and discrepancy percentage) of needs was performed using the outlook of the patients and their healthcare professionals. Data was analysed using SAS assuming a 5% significance level. A qualitative analysis was also performed to understand the relation between the feeling of loneliness and needs across 24 care areas (environmental, social, psychological, and physical). The study was approved by the IDIAP Jordi Gol Healthcare Ethics Committee (19/138-P).
Findings:The needs perceived focused on physical health, distress, companionship, and relationships (30% to 41.7%). Professionals showed a severe lack of knowledge regarding housing, home care, relationships, and social services (22% to 48%). The qualitative analysis revealed the relation between the feeling of loneliness and the irreversible losses of those close to the patient, along with insufficient support and understanding during the aging process, and feelings of abandonment and guilt. Meanwhile, other notable aspects include the need of independence and resistance towards starting activities requiring commitment and travel. Caring for others and mobility and sensory restrictions act as extra barriers.
Conclusions:This study enables the needs of people with feelings of loneliness to be identified. Discrepancies between them and their healthcare professionals were recorded, in turn providing direction regarding which areas need to be improved when designing patient-focused primary healthcare approaches.